<div><strong>Background: </strong>The present study aimed at formulating a confectionery product namely chocolate using the extract obtained from giloy stems.<br />
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<strong>Methods:</strong> Green technology of microwave assisted extraction (600 W, 60<sup>o</sup>C for 10 min) have been employed in obtaining giloy extract. The extract was investigated for its <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant properties and antidiabetic properties prior to its application in food product.<br />
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<strong>Result: </strong>The DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA) of the extract was found to be 82.26% suggesting its strong antioxidant potency. The extract inhibited the activity of &alpha;-amylase (<em>in vitro</em>) by 14.63% indicating its antidiabetic potency. The extract was incorporated in formulation of chocolate at the concentrations <em>viz</em>. 0.0131 ml/g, 0.0156 ml/g, 0.0181 ml/g. Chocolate formulated with 0.0131 ml/g giloy extract exhibited appreciable <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant efficacy (72.36% RSA) and anti-diabetic efficacy (5.68%). This novel giloy extract incorporated chocolate is a promising functional food and could be further utilized in formulation of other functional foods<strong>.</strong></div>


<p>Development of a Functional Chocolate using Microwave Assisted Extract of Giloy Stems</p>


<div style="text-align: justify;">Effect of supplementing giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) and mint (Mentha arvensis) on feed intake and body weight was studied in twenty crossbred calves. While Group I was taken as control, Group II was supplemented with Tinospora cordifolia @ 4% of concentrate, group III with Mentha arvensis @ 4% of concentrate and group IV with both Tinospora cordifolia and Mentha arvensis @ 2% of concentrate each. Significantly higher(P&lt;0.05) &nbsp;dry matter intake(Kg) and dry matter intake(g)/W 0.75Kg in group III was recorded compared to control while group II did not differ from group IV. Significantly higher body weight gain was noticed in group IV compared to other groups. Giloy and/or mint can be fed to improve growth in crossbred calves.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Supplementation effect of medicinal plant leaves on growth in crossbred calves</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">The aim of study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of different etheno-veterinary remedies for induction of cyclicity in anoestrus buffalo heifers. Total number of fifty six buffalo heifers (48 anoestrus and 8 cyclic) were kept under observation for different types of treatment. Group G1 with only with the mineral mixture, while G2 with Prajana HS + mineral mixture, G3 with Randia dumetorum + mineral mixture, G4 with Tinospora cordifolia + mineral mixture, and G5 with Randia dumetorum +Tinospora cordifolia + mineral mixture. The overall estrus induction and conception rate were found as 50 % and 75 % in G1, 75 % and 83.33% (G2), 87.50 % and 85.71% (G3), 62.5 % and 80 % (G4), 87.5 % and 85.71 % (G5) respectively, whereas no estrus symptom was exhibited in acyclic control group G0 &nbsp;while G6 as cyclic control. Maximum estrus induction and conception rate was showed by heifers of G5. Thus the present study revealed that the anoestrus buffalo heifer can be most effectively treated with Randia dumetorum (Mainphala) and Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) along with mineral mixture. On the basis of present study estrus induction, conception rate and serum biochemical parameters concluded that Mainphala and Giloy combination have an effective roll in the treatment of anoestrus buffalo heifers. Ethnoveterinary medicines could be utilized as low-cost therapeutic management for control of anoestrus buffalo heifers.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">The study of therapeutic efficacy of mineral mixture, herbal and ethno veterinary medicine on anoestrus buffalo heifers&nbsp;</div>