<div style="text-align: justify;">The nodular contents of the leguminous species of the genus Hedysarum (H. carnosum, H. spinosissimum subsp capitatum and H. pallidum) consist of cultivable bacteria belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria, while the rhizobia of these leguminous species are not cultivable. Rhizobium sulla is the specific micro-symbiont of the H. coronarium leguminous species. The aim of this study is to see if the Gammaproteobacteria that inhabit the nodules of the three species of the genus Hedysarum (H. carnosum, H. spinosissimum subsp capitatum and H. pallidum) could have acquired the symbiotic criteria from rhizobia and cause nodulation in these host legume species by the transformation process. Transformation is carried out by extracting the plasmid DNA from the R. sulla strain and incorporate it into the bacterial strains of the Gammaproteobacteria class. Nodulation assay is performed to evaluate the ability of transformed strains to cause nodulation in legume species. The results showed that although there has been a transformation, there is a total failure of nodulation in the three legume species. This is explained by the specificity of molecular signals between bacteria and host plants as well as the genetic information carried by the plasmid is not sufficient to achieve a complete symbiotic relationship.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Contribution to the Study of the Relationship between Gammaproteobacteria and Rhizobia in Legume Species of the Genus Hedysarum</div>

Background: Skin color is an important economic trait in black-bone chicken production and it has been identified that the gut microbiota is an important factor in animal health and physiology. However, it is unknown about whether the gut microbiota in black-bone chickens is connected to the coloration of chicken skin. 
 
Methods: To investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota and skin coloration, comparing the differentiation of the gut microbiota structure and&nbsp;abundances in black- (B group) and white-skinned (W group) Muchuan black-bone chicken. Here, we characterized the microbiota in the jejunal contents of both the B and W groups using the Illumina MiSeq platform, targeting the genomic V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. 
 
Result: In terms of community richness, the ACE community richness index of the B group was significantly higher than that of the W group (p&lt;0.05) and the proportion of unique OTUs was higher in group B than in group W. According to the species annotation and abundance information of all samples at the genus level, Parabacteroides, Faecalicoccus and Alistipes were enriched in group B, whereas Actinomyces, Elstera and Nosocomiicoccus were enriched in group W. In the evolutionary branch diagram, the relative abundances of Enterobacteriaceae (Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales) were significantly higher in group B than in group W (LDA Score&gt;4). Our data provide a basis for the hypothesis that the discriminating bacterial taxa in gut is associated with the feature variants for skin coloration of Muchuan black-bone chickens, which were fed in the same feed and stocking niches.

Contribution to the Study of the Relationship between Gammaproteobacteria and Rhizobia in Legume Species of the Genus Hedysarum

Analysis of the Difference of Intestinal Microbes in Muchuan Black-bone Chickens with Two Skin Colors