<div style="text-align: justify;">Vitamin E is familiar for its antioxidative properties for neutralizing oxide radicals and plays a role to keep cells safe from physiological damage and Selenium being an integral part of Glutathione peroxidase assists Vit.E and help chicks grow normal and healthy. In current study four sets of chicken were given doses of vit. E and Selenium (0, 1 ml /10L; 1 ml /7.5L; 1 ml /5L) in water. The Chicken were grouped in four sets as A,B,C and D. The experiment was continued sixty days and5ml blood samples were collected from all the groups A, B, C and D at interval of 15 days. In Fayoumi chicks a decrease was noted in the value of ALAT in all experimental sets excluding D on 3rd and 4th sampling. A significant increase (p&gt;0.05) was observed in the amount of ASAT in all treated groups excluding group C which showed decreased (p&lt;0.05) levels of ASAT on 2nd and 3rd sampling. The level of Alkaline Phosphatase reduced considerably in all experimental sets except group C where a slight increase (p&gt;0.05) was observed on 2nd sampling. A considerable decrease was also observed in the amount of Bilirubin in all experimental sets except group C where an insignificant increase (p&gt;0.05) was observed on 2nd sampling. The research suggested that vitamin E increases organism&rsquo;s ability to cope infections besides hepatoprotective activity in desi layer bird Fayoumi.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Study of effects of selenium and Vitamin E on Liver physiology in Fayoumi</div>

<div>Background: Several factors causing immune suppression in chickens would lead to immune deficiency, Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection is one of these important determinants, for example, infectious bursal disease (IBD), infectious bronchitis indirect, Newcastle disease, H5 and H9 an acute illness that is extremely communicable and infectious and affects young chicks. The current study aims to determine the level of antibodies in chicks infected with E. coli. 
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Methods: The chicks were divided into two groups: the first group vaccinated chicks against IBD disease at the age of one day and ten days, compared to the second group vaccinated chicks at the age of 10 days only. Five thousand one-day-old Fayoumi chicks were raised in the experiment and divided into two groups for comparison against IBD virus antibodies. 
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Result: The study revealed that infectious bursal disease (IBD) infected chickens and inoculated with E. coli pre or concurrent to infection had lower antibody titers in both groups whether vaccinated at one day old or not, the level of antibodies to IBD disease is low in chicks, whether vaccinated or not vaccinated at one day of age, but when chicks were vaccinated on the ten day old of age with a weak vaccine IBD disease for both groups, it was found that the chicks that were vaccinated on the first day had a higher level of antibodies to IBD disease than the unvaccinated chicks at the age of one day. Fayoumi chicks, mean ELISA titers at one day was (1556&plusmn;132) increased sharply to (3440&plusmn;960) at 15 days of age and reach (5596&plusmn;830) at 20 days of age for group 1 compared to group 2 was the results, mean ELISA titers at one day was (1470&plusmn;187) increased slightly sharply to (2710&plusmn;779) at 15 days of age and reach (3560&plusmn;670) at 20 days of age. All samples tested positive for E. coli at one day of age, but turned negative at 15 and 20 days of age. Additionally, the indirect test for Infectious Bronchitis showed a result of 11459 &plusmn; 250 at one day of age. In addition, showed that the effect of post inoculation of E. coli on the level of ND antibodies was studied in group 1 with E. coli infection revealed that the HI titer of all subgroup had arranged of geometric means varied was (7.8), in group 2 was ranged (7) where the effect was not significant.</div>

The Role of E. coli Infection on IBD Antibodies in Chicken Detected by ELISA Titers

Background: Sparidae is a fish family that belongs to the order Perciformes and is commonly known as sea breams and porgies. Many species are included in this family and divided into 71 genera that could be barcoded using mitochondrial DNA genes. These fish are vulnerable to different parasitic taxa that affect fish status. The present study is aimed to confirm the molecular status of Argyrops filamentosus fish via the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COI) gene and to study the pathological changes of gills infested by monogenean parasites. 
 
Methods: Thirty Argyrops filamentosus fish were collected from Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) and identified molecularly via the mtCOI gene. Also, gills were isolated and examined microscopically for presence of monogeneans. Histopathological impacts of monogeneans on fish gills were studied in comparison to the gills of non-infected fish.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The DNA of fish species was barcoded and showed highly stringent criteria with the previously Argyrops filamentosus sequence data. The obtained host DNA sequences were deposited in NCBI database under accession number OP975758.1. Examination of the investigated fish gills revealed the presence of three monogenean species Protolamellodiscus senilobatus Kritsky, Jim&eacute;nez-Ruiz and Sey, 2000, Acleotrema maculatus Morsy, El-Fayoumi and Fahmy (2014) and Haliotrema susanae Soo, 2019. Monogenean parasites penetrated deeply with their haptor to the gill lamella and caused damage and degeneration of epithelial cells leading to the formation of a cup-shaped depression. Therefore, the mtDNA gene has the ability for host identification and heavy monogeneans infections lead to severe damage to fish gills.&nbsp;

DNA Barcoding of Argyrops filamentosus (Perciformes: Sparidae) Based on Mitochondrial COI Gene and Histopathological Evaluation of Gills Infected by Monogeneans