Background: Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene plays a pivotal role in milk fat synthesis whereas Estrogen receptor gene (ESR1) gene helps in regulating reproductive performance of dairy animals. The present study was designed to identify genetic association of DGAT1 and ESR1 gene with performance traits in Murrah buffaloes. 
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Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from 100 Murrah buffaloes maintained at Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. One set of primer for each gene has been custom designed and was amplified. 
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Result: The amplicon size of 517 bp and 514 bp was obtained for DGAT1 and ESR1 gene respectively. Upon custom sequencing, the ESR1 gene was found to be monomorphic in the studied population; whereas, in DGAT1 gene, three SNPs were detected as 290A&gt;G, 306G&gt;A and 317T&gt;C. The genetic variant 306G&gt;A among all, showed significant association with average fat% in Murrah buffaloes (p&lt;0.01). The findings indicated that inclusion of association of DGAT1 gene related information could be helpful for selection of dairy buffaloes in order to improve the fat yield after validating it in a very large buffalo population.

Genetic Association of DGAT1 and ESR1 Gene Polymorphism with Performance Traits in Murrah Buffaloes

<div>Canine mammary tumours (CMT) are among the most common canine cancer types in female dogs. Dogs provide an adaptable model system for human breast cancer studies. It is important to identify the underlying genetic basis to improve knowledge of pathways related to &nbsp;cancer pathogenesis in both species. In this study, we investigated CMT associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in target regions of ESR1 and CDK5RAP2 genes. Partial sequencing of two genes in 25 cases with mammary tumours and 10 dogs with healthy mammary glands was performed. Two previously reported SNPs in ESR1 gene and one previously reported SNP and two novel SNPs were genotyped downstream CDK5RAP2 gene. According to the association analysis performed in cases and controls, no statistically significant association was found between these SNPs and CMTs. Comparison of the results from other studies revealed the genetic heterogeneity of ESR1 and CDK5RAP2 between different dog breeds. Larger datasets of different breeds should be analyzed in further studies to identify the possible effects of the two genes in mammary tumour development.</div>

Genetic Association of DGAT1 and ESR1 Gene Polymorphism with Performance Traits in Murrah Buffaloes

Partial sequencing of ESR1 and CDK5RAP2 genes in dogs with mammary tumours