Background: Liver fibrosis is a progressive and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by excessive extracellular matrix accumulation that impairs hepatic function. Diosmin, a citrus-derived flavonoid, has shown promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in various models. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of diosmin against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. 
 
Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n=10 each): control, TAA (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, three times per week), diosmin (50 mg/kg/day, oral) and TAA + diosmin. Treatments lasted for 6 weeks. Liver function, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis were assessed using standard biochemical assays, ELISA and histological evaluation with hematoxylin&ndash;eosin staining and Masson&rsquo;s trichrome. 
 
Result: TAA significantly impaired liver function, indicated by increased AST, ALT and ALP levels and decreased albumin. It also induced oxidative stress, reflected by increased NO and MDA levels and decreased levels of GSH, GPx, GR, SOD and CAT. Inflammatory markers including IL-1&beta;, TNF-&alpha; and NF-&kappa;B were elevated, while apoptotic indicators showed an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and enhanced caspase-3 activity. Diosmin co-treatment improved liver function, restored antioxidant status, reduced inflammatory mediators and regulated apoptotic markers. Histological findings supported these results by showing reduced fibrosis and preserved liver architecture. These findings suggest that diosmin effectively protects against thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, warranting further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for liver fibrosis.

Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Role of Diosmin in a Rat Model of Thioacetamide-induced Liver Fibrosis

<div>Background: The seeds of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) are widely used as the spice for their distinctive aroma, they are also commonly used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases. 
 
Methods: The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of cumin extracts and their antimicrobial effects against six oral pathogens isolated from dental caries and supragingival plaque. The extracts were obtained by maceration with acetone, ethanol and methanol at 70% (v/v).&nbsp; 
 
Result: The greatest content of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins, was obtained with acetone (42&plusmn;3.46 mg GAE/g DW), (24.49&plusmn;1.24 mg EQ/g DW) and (34.95&plusmn;8.71 mg EC/g DW) respectively. HPLC analysis performed to determine acetonic extract components revealed the presence of p-coumaric acid, diosmin as the most abundant compounds and several apigenins. Antioxidant activity of cumin extracts showed the greatest activity with the acetonic extract (940&plusmn;42 &micro;g/mL) followed very closely by the ethanolic extract (960&plusmn;50 &micro;g/mL). The agar well diffusion method has shown that all the extracts have an antimicrobial power against all the Gram+strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration values recorded by the studied extracts vary from 12.5 to 200 mg/mL. These findings suggest that cumin seed extracts might be effective as antibacterial agent against oral pathogens.</div>

Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Role of Diosmin in a Rat Model of Thioacetamide-induced Liver Fibrosis

Antioxidant Activities of Cuminum cyminum Extracts and Their Antibacterial Effects against Some Dental Caries Pathogens