Background: Diseases vectored by mosquitoes are one of the major causes of diseases and death worldwide. Insecticide resistance of Cx. pipiens increased the suffering of the people. Plants are a promising source of secondary metabolites to help resolve this problem. 
 
Methods: This study investigated the larvicidal potential of N. oleander methanol aqueous extract against Cx. Pipiens. 
 
Result: Post 24 h, 48 h and 72 h of exposure, the LC50 value was 4.94&nbsp;mg/mL, and the LC90 value was 8.01 mg/mL. After 72 h of exposure, the values were 2.93 mg/mL and 4.79 mg/mL, respectively. Larvae treated with N. oleander leaf extract displayed degraded microvilli, degenerating peritrophic membrane&nbsp;and degenerating nuclei with blebbing compared to the control. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of eleven phytoconstituents in the leaf extract. 1-Methyl-1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)thio]acetic acid (80.67%), 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-1&nbsp;(hydroxymethyl)- (8.10%), and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)- (4.33%) were the main secondary metabolites found in the leaf extract.

Nerium oleander Leaf Extract Causes Midgut Damage and Interferes with the Survival of Culex pipiens L. Larvae

Background: The gut microbiota plays an important regulatory role in the growth and development of animals and the gut microbiota structure of wild animals in different regions exhibits different adaptation patterns. Investigating the gut microbiota structure and body weight of Tupaia belangeri from different regions can provide deeper insights into their adaptation patterns. 
 
Methods: This study investigated the impacts of environmental variables, specifically temperature and humidity, on the composition of gut microbiota and key physiological parameters in T. belangeri across distinct geographic regions. In the current research, body mass and the intestinal microbiota were determined in T. belangeri between two regions (Chuxiong, CX; Mile, ML). 
 
Result: The results were as follows: 1) Body mass in ML was significantly higher than that of in CX; 2) There were differences in the dominant phyla and genera of gut bacterial communities between the two regions; 3) Comparative analysis of biodiversity indices revealed non-significant divergence between the two study sites, although differences in endemic genera; 4) Pathogenic bacteria were found to varying degrees in the intestinal tracts in both regions. Overall, we believe that T. belangeri can adapt to different environmental temperatures or humidity in the two regions by adjusting its body mass and altering the structural diversity of its gut microbiota.

Comparative Study on the Differences in Gut Microbiota Function and Body Mass Regulation in Tupaia belangeri between Two Regions: The Role of Ecological Factors