<div>Background: The current study was carried out to explore the effects of various biofertilizer applications on gladiolus growth, flower production and corms yield in Horticulture Research Farm of Lovely Professional University, Phagwara in winter season of 2022. 
 
Methods: Ten distinct combinations of biofertilizers and their application techniques, together with control, were used in the experiment&rsquo;s Randomized Block Design, which was replicated three times. Corms were sown in the spacing 30&times;30 cm and treated as T1&nbsp; (Control), T2 (RDF + Azotobacter (Corm dipping), T3 (RDF + Azotobacter (Soil application), T4&nbsp; (RDF + Azotobacter (Foliar application), T5 (RDF + PSB (Corm dipping), T6 (RDF + PSB (Soil application), T7 (RDF + PSB (Foliar application), T8 (RDF + Azotobacter +PSB (Corm dipping), T9 (RDF + Azotobacter + PSB (Soil application) and T10&nbsp; (RDF + Azotobacter +PSB (Foliar application) The following data were recorded at different stages i.e. days required for sprouting of corms, plant height (cm),&nbsp; number of leaves per plant, number of Shoots per mother corm, days required for spike emergence per plot, length of spike (cm), diameter of floret (cm), number of spikes per plant, number of florets per spike, number of Spikes per hectare, number of cormels per plant, number of corms per plant, diameter of corm (cm), Wt. of corms per plant (g), Wt. of cormels/plant (g) and yield of corms (q/ha). 
 
Result: Among all the 10 treatments given Treatment T8, which consisted of RDF + Azotobacter + PSB and was used as a soil application, was found to be superior, implying that biofertilizers can improve nutrient availability and absorption, which resulted in improved gladiolus plant growth, blooming, yield, quality and yield.</div>

Effect in Growth, Flowering and Corm Yield of Gladiolus by Different Application Methods of Biofertilizers

<div style="text-align: justify;">Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) is one of the important leading cut flowers worldwide. It is popularly known as queen of bulbous flower crop. It is popular for its attractive spike, magnificent florets which vary in size and colour. The flowers are used for making bouquets and flower arrangements. It is considered as a viable diversification option from traditional field crop due to increased per unit return. Farmers profit can be augmented by selling the corms and cormels as well as spikes. Consequently, a comprehensive acquaintance is needed on quality and quantity production of the flowers of gladiolus. Though the quality of flower is primarily a varietal but it is greatly influence by various cultural operations. Optimum plant density is essential for proper growth and development of plant as it allows the plant to acquire the essential growth elements i.e., light, nutrients and CO2. Besides plant spacing, nutrition play an important role. Excessive and continuous use of inorganic fertilizers has various ill effects on soil health therefore attention shifted towards the holistic approach i.e., integrated nutrient management (INM). This approach has profound effect in improving flower quality and quantity. &nbsp;This paper reviews all the literature on important aspects of cultivation practices of gladiolus viz., plant density and INM for better understanding and to develop future strategies for quality and quantity of production of gladiolus spikes and corms.</div>

Effect in Growth, Flowering and Corm Yield of Gladiolus by Different Application Methods of Biofertilizers

Effect of plant density and INM on vegetative, floral and yield attributes of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)- A review