Background: Xenical drug impact was used for studying losing weight by testing some physiological parameters in male rats compared to (Hatra herbs&reg;) plants extract used for slimming. 
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Methods: ALT,AST,ALP,B.UREA Creatinine, lipids profile, TSH, T4 and T3 were examined. male rats separated into 3 groups: control group, a Xenical group (120 mg\kg b.wt) and a mix plants extract group (200 mg\kg b.wt). 
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Result: Results showed that body weight, cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDLand&nbsp; LDL had a significant drop in plants extract group compared to control, whilst ALTandAST showed a substantial rise in Xenical group compared to control also a significant surge in ALP&nbsp; in both treated groups compared to control . on other hand had, T3 and TSH had a significant reduced in Xenical group, while T3&nbsp; showed non significant differences in plants extract group compared to control ,in the meantime T4 exhibited increased significance in Xenical group and non significant differences&nbsp; in plants extract group compared to control. B.urea showed a significant escalation in Xenical group compared to plants extract group and control, while creatinine noted no significant differences in all treated groups compared to control group. 
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The Harmful Effect of a Slimming Drug Compared to a Mix of Some Plants Extract on Rats

Background: Muga is an exclusive golden-colored silk produced by the Antheraea Assamensis silkworm species in North-east India. In the silk processing stage, drying of Muga silkworm cocoon is essential to prevent the pupa from emerging from the shell and to preserve the cocoons for a longer period (3-6 months). It is necessary to reduce the potentially harmful high moisture level in the cocoon shell and pupa body to an optimum or safe level of moisture content (6-12%). In India, the natural sun drying method is the most common method to preserve Muga cocoons for a longer period. Considerably losses may occur using the sun-drying method due to various effects such as rodents, insects, rain, microorganisms, excessive temperature, etc. To address this issue the study was conducted to improve the quality of Muga silk yield using a comparative study between Convection and IR heating methods for cocoon drying.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: In this study, Muga cocoons were dried properly at optimum temperature (50-100&deg;C) to obtain a safe moisture level for getting quality Muga silk. The drying of the Muga cocoon is processed using convection (1 kw) and Infrared (650 watts) modes of heating for the same duration of time. Muga cocoons were placed in a drying chamber initially at a high temperature (100&plusmn;5&deg;C) using both convection and Infrared heating methods separately to maintain the moisture content to an optimum level. It took approximately 75 minutes to obtain the temperature 100 from room temperature and every 15 minutes temperature measure was recorded for both methods and compared. The parameters studied were temperature, time, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio and moisture content. These parameters were examined, evaluated and compared for both the Convection and IR heating methods.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The comparative study results indicated that the performance of the studied cocoon parameters namely temperature, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio and moisture content are approximately similar for both convection and IR heating methods. Moisture content was maintained at the optimum range (6-12%) for both the convection and IR methods. The study provided a better performance using the IR heating method as compared to convection heating concerning energy consumption and safety for the same duration of time. Energy consumed by a 1 kW convection heater is 1.25 kWh, whereas energy consumption in a 650-watt IR heater is 0.8125 kWh.&nbsp;

A Comparative Study of Drying of Muga Cocoons using Convection and Infra-red Heating Method

Background: Durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is one of the most essential cereal species and is cultivated worldwide over almost 17 million ha, with a global production of 38.1 million tonnes in 2019 (Ioannis et al., 2020). Cereal grains have always been the main source of food for humans and domestic animals. In Algeria, cereal products, mainly wheat, play a strategic role in the food system and the national economy. Knowledge of the phenomena governing their preservation and mastery of storage techniques are crucial to the survival of the world&rsquo;s population. The world human population is increasing day by day and estimated to reach 8.0 billion by 2025 and 8.9 billion by 2050.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The ideal of this work was to study the effect of natural aging on the viability and technological quality of four kinds of durum wheat, saved for two years under two storage conditions, favorable conditions in the cold room, temperature (-04&deg;C); moisture (12%) and inimical conditions (medium), temperature estimated between 11 and 37&deg;C and relative moisture of 30 to 85 83%. To do this, a study of morphological, physiological, biochemical and technological parameters was initiated on the seed and on the whole factory. 
 
Result: The protein content values recorded are low compared to the control under both conditions (favorable, inimical) of natural aging; the differences are veritably largely significant. A significant increase in proline situations in seeds subordinated to natural aging compared to the control. Under good natural aging conditions, we notice that the different genotypes tested record low answerable sugar contents compared to the control; whereas under inimical NA conditions, we note a significant increase in answerable sugar content; the differences are veritably largely significant. The results attained show that, in general, the kinds are more sensitive to inimical conditions of natural aging, while without favorable conditions, the effect is less drastic.

Comparative Study of the Technological Potential of Durum Wheat Varieties after Natural Aging

<div style="text-align:justify">Background: In order to find an alternative cryoprotectant for canine semen, different cryoprotectants, as dimethyl sulphoxide and ethylene glycol, dimethyle formamide either alone or in combination with glycerol have been evaluated on pooled semen of different breeds with different opinions. 
 
Methods: In the current study the effect of glycerol, DMF and their combination in Tris-citric acid-fructose egg yolk plasma extender on motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), acrosome integrity (AI), inner mitochondrial membrane potential (IMMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes in frozen-thaw semen of pug breed was compared. 
 
Result: Values for motility, viability, (PMI), AI were significantly (p&lt;0.05) high in TCFEYP-G compared to TCFEYP-DMF and TCFEYP-G+DMF at post thaw. However, HIMMP and MIMMP/MDA were non-significantly (P&gt;0.05) high and low in TCFEYP-G compared to TCFEYP-DMF and TCFEYP- G + DMF at post thaw, respectively. MDA concentration was significantly (p&lt;0.05) low in TCFEYP-G compared to TCFEYP-DMF and TCFEYP-G + TCFEYP-DMF extenders. However, H2O2, scavenging capacity of spermatozoa, cryopreserved in TCFEYP-G was significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than in TCFEYP-DMF and TCFEYP-G + TCFEYP-DMF. However, there was no significant (p&gt;0.05) difference in superoxide free radical scavenging activity and nitrite concentration of spermatozoa among the three extenders. Activity of GPX, SOD and Catalase was also significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher in TCFEYP-G compared to TCFEYP-DMF and TCFEYP-G+DMF. However, values were reverse for GRE activity. This study concludes that glycerol is a healthier cryoprotectant to protect canine spermatozoa from cryo-injury during freezing-thawing process.</div>

Comparing Glycerol with Dimethylformamide and Combination for Cryopreservation of Pug Dog Semen in Egg Yolk Plasma Containing Extender

Background: The study was conducted to compare the development of goat embryos in simple media with BSA and complex culture media supplemented with serum on the development of goat embryos. Also, studied the effect of oviductal cell co-culture on the developmental competence of goat oocytes. 
 
Methods: The A and B quality goat oocytes subjected to in vitro maturation in TCM 199 + 10% FCS + FSH + Estradiol for 24 hours in a CO2 incubator (6% CO2) at 38.5&deg;C. The oocytes that exhibited cumulus expansion subjected to in vitro fertilization in 1) BO - IVF and 2) TALP-fertilization media supplemented with heparin. The cleavage percent found significantly higher in BO-IVF (66.66%) compared to TALP- fertilization media (42.07%). After 18 hours of sperm-oocyte incubation, the presumptive zygotes from BO-IVF media divided randomly into 3 groups and cultured in one of the following 3 media, group 1) CR1aa media; group 2) BO-IVC media and group 3) TCM-199 + 10% FBS. 
 
Result: The cleavage percentage was significantly higher (P&gt;0.05) in BO-IVC media than CR1aa media and TCM-199 media (72.32, 64.35 and 35.23 percent respectively). The blastocyst development observed significantly higher (P&gt;0.05) in CR1aa compared to commercial BO-IVC media and TCM-199 media (9.23, 5.55, and 4.05 percent, respectively). Among the different media compared, CR1aa and BO-IVC media were effective for supporting the development of goat zygotes to the morula and blastocyst stages than those obtained when a complex TCM-199 medium used with serum supplementation. The effect of oviductal cell co-culture on the developmental competence of goat oocytes studied. The blastocyst development rate found higher in CR1aa + oviductal and TCM- 199 + oviductal cells as compared to CR1aa and TCM-199 alone.

Comparative Efficiency of Different Culture Media on&nbsp;in vitro Embryonic Development of Goat Oocytes

Background: In the present paper, Nano-Hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) is synthesized from Indian Hen (Busra breed) and Hybrid Hen eggshell waste using&nbsp; chemical precipitation methods. The principal objectives of this research are to synthesize natural HAp from eggshell waste and comparing with commercial available Hydroxyapatite (HAp) as reference sample (NnanoXIM-Hap-202). 
 
Methods: Analytical methods were used to characterize n-HAp and HAp including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA). Calcinations of eggshell waste at 850 to 900oC yielded HAp with a calcium / phosphorus ratio of 1.71 to 1.75. 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
Result: A comparative analysis with a reference sample (commercially available HAp) revealed that the synthesized HAp exhibited similar structural and chemical properties, with slight variations in their morphological and thermal characteristics. 
&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Biologically Derived Nanohydroxyapatite: A Comparative Analysis with a Commercial Counterpart

Background: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, is a metabolic disorder responsible for disturbance in carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. The objective of current study was to evaluate the effect of Quercetin and Metformin on serum lipid profile and gene expression involved in lipid metabolism. 
 
Methods: Sixty-four (64) Wistar rats in a range of live body weight 196.75-198.19 grams, were divided in eight (8) groups (n=8 each); CONTROL, DIABETIC, DIAB+MET, DIAB+25Q, DIAB+50Q, NONDIAB+MET, NONDIAB+25Q and NONDIAB+50Q. A single dose of Streptozotocin drug @ 35 mg per kg was used for the induction of diabetes. The particular doses of Metformin and Quercetin were given by gavage on daily basis in their respective groups till the end of 14-week trial. 
 
Result: In case of FAS gene expression in liver, DIAB+MET (1.26&plusmn;0.03), DIAB+25Q (1.31&plusmn;0.02) and DIAB+50Q (1.19&plusmn;0.04), suppresses the elevated expression compared to Diabetic group, while in case of SREBP-1c, both DIAB+MET (1.31&plusmn;0.05) and DIAB+50Q (1.38&plusmn;0.04) showed predominant results compared to DIAB+25Q. Moreover, for PPAR-&alpha;, DIAB+MET (0.87&plusmn;0.06) exhibited considerable upregulation in comparison with DIAB+25Q (0.65&plusmn;0.03) and DIAB+50Q (0.76&plusmn;0.04). In adipose, FAS gene was significantly downregulated in DIAB+50Q (1.28&plusmn;0.03) group as compared to other two diabetic treatment groups, however, for PPAR-&gamma; gene, in term of significance both DIAB+MET (0.84&plusmn;0.05) and DIAB+50Q (0.88&plusmn;0.06) displayed statistically similar level of upregulation. In muscles, PPAR-&alpha; expression was best observed in DIAB+50Q (0.80&plusmn;0.03) and DIAB+MET (0.76&plusmn;0.02) compared to DIAB+25Q (0.59&plusmn;0.03). Moreover, serum lipid profile (TC, HDL, TG, LDL and VLDL) was also significantly improved in Metformin and Quercetin treatment groups. In non-diabetic treatment groups, a non-significant difference was observed when compared to CONTROL group.

Quercetin Verses Metformin, Comparative Efficacy on the Lipid Metabolism Gene Expression in Different Organs of Diabetic Wistar Rats

<div>A study was conducted to evaluate the hatchability of local turkey comparedto commercial turkey eggs, and its relationships with physical egg traits. A total of 410 local turkey eggs and 252 commercial turkey eggs were usedfor this study and the data were submitted to analysis of variance. Average fertility (%) and fertile egg hatchability (%)were significantly (P&lt;0.05) lower in local turkeys compared to commercial turkeys. Furthermore, infertile eggs (%),early-, mid-, and late-period deaths during incubation were higher in the local turkeys compared to the commercial turkeys. Embryo mortality occurred mainly days 27th and 28th of incubation. Based in this result, hatchability of turkey local eggs was very low when compared with commercial turkey eggs; this reduction resulted in part from in high rate of infertility, embryonic mortality caused by poor management system and genotype. The results of effect of physical egg traits (weight, shell thickness, maximum width and length) on hatchability showed no significant effect on percentage hatchability of fertile eggs (&gt;0.05). Hatchability was affected by egg shape index.</div>

<div>Assessment of hatchability of Tunisian local turkey compared to commercial turkey and its relationships with physical egg traits</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Background: The demand and cost of domestic energy in Nigeria are on the increase, primarily due to the increasing human population and demand. This is compounded by desertification, increasing the cost of electricity, industrialization, lack of alternative such as solar, wind and nuclear energy.This study was conducted to compare the potential of biogas produced from anaerobic co-digestion of coconut fibre, cocoa pods, maize husk, orange peels, pineapple peels and yeast and to determine the effect of pH and retention time on biogas yield.&nbsp; Methods: During the experiment, five batch reactors/digesters were used. The digesters were labeled A,B,C,D, E and each replicated three times. Digester A consist of 2g of yeast, 4g of coconut fibre, digester B consist of 2g of yeast, 4g of cocoa pods, digester C consist of 2g of yeast, 4g of maize husk, digester D consist of 2g of yeast, 4g of orange peels and digester E consist of 2g of yeast, 4g of pineapple peels. The pH was determined before corking the reactors.&nbsp; Result: The results showed significant differences among the different substrate for biogas yield and methane component. Biodegradability of the different substrate, quality and retention time significantly affected the biogas yield in the five digesters. Digester loaded with maize husk produced significantly higher volume of biogas and methane component compared with other substrate. Increase in biogas yield for maize husk of 4g was 23.33ml with methane component of 61.78% for the 10 days hydraulic retention time. The retention time of 4, 5, 6 and 8 days significantly produced the highest volume of biogas in the other digesters. Based on the findings, maize husk and yeast blend could be a rich source of renewable energy option and would help arrest ecological disaster in addition to control of deforestation.</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Comparative Study of Biogas Production from Cocoa Pod, Maize Husk, Orange Peels, Pineapple Peels and Coconut Fiber Co-Digested with Yeast</div>

Background: General anesthesia in cats causes a transient decrease in tear production, necessitating the use of topical lubricants to protect the cornea; however, comparative data on the rate at which different lubricants normalize tear production are limited. This study compared the effect of two different ophthalmic preparations based on sodium hyaluronate and carbomer on tear secretion in cats under general anesthesia. 
&nbsp; 
Methods: The study was conducted using a contralateral eye model in 12 clinically healthy female cats scheduled for spay surgery under xylazine-ketamine-isoflurane anesthesia. Immediately after intubation and confirming the level of surgical anesthesia, one drop of a sodium hyaluronate-containing preparation was applied to the right eye (Group H) and a rice-sized amount of a carbomer-containing preparation was applied to the left eye (Group C). Tear production was measured quantitatively using the Schirmer Tear Test at specific time points before any sedation (T0), during and after anesthesia (T15-T60&nbsp;and T+15-T+60, respectively). 
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Result: Anesthesia caused a statistically significant decrease in Schirmer Tear Test values compared to baseline in both the groups (p&lt;0.05). At 30 minutes post-anesthesia (T+30), the mean Schirmer Tear Test value in Group H (15.08 &plusmn; 2.71 mm/min) was significantly higher than that in Group C (11.00 &plusmn; 3.54 mm/min) (p&lt;0.05). At 60 minutes post-anesthesia (T+60), STT values returned to baseline in Group H, while full recovery was not observed in Group C. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that both sodium hyaluronate/dexpanthenol eye drops and carbomer-based eye gel were effective in providing immediate protection to the ocular surface during anesthesia and accelerating recovery after anesthesia, but the sodium hyaluronate formulation provided a significantly faster recovery of tear production to baseline levels in the early post-anesthesia period.

The Harmful Effect of a Slimming Drug Compared to a Mix of Some Plants Extract on Rats

A Comparative Study of Drying of Muga Cocoons using Convection and Infra-red Heating Method

Comparative Study of the Technological Potential of Durum Wheat Varieties after Natural Aging

Comparing Glycerol with Dimethylformamide and Combination for Cryopreservation of Pug Dog Semen in Egg Yolk Plasma Containing Extender

Comparative Efficiency of Different Culture Media on in vitro Embryonic Development of Goat Oocytes

Biologically Derived Nanohydroxyapatite: A Comparative Analysis with a Commercial Counterpart

Quercetin Verses Metformin, Comparative Efficacy on the Lipid Metabolism Gene Expression in Different Organs of Diabetic Wistar Rats

Assessment of hatchability of Tunisian local turkey compared to commercial turkey and its relationships with physical egg traits

Comparative Study of Biogas Production from Cocoa Pod, Maize Husk, Orange Peels, Pineapple Peels and Coconut Fiber Co-Digested with Yeast

A Comparative Evaluation of Sodium Hyaluronate- and Carbomer-based Ophthalmic Preparations on Tear Production in Cats under General Anesthesia