Background: Small pelagic species like white sardine gained importance due to their high demand in local markets over years has become important to sustainably harvest the available resources. Thus, the current study was aimed to decipher the stock structure studies based on chemometric analysis of natural signature fatty acid profile which plays an important role in stock identification to the formulation of better sustainable management plans and its conservation. 
 
Methods: Samples of Escualosa thoracata were collected from four locations each from two on the east coast (Chennai and Kolkata) and west coast (Mumbai and Kochi) of the Indian peninsula 2019-2020. Heart tissue from the specimen from each location was collected, preserved and fatty acid profiling was performed. The analysis comprised methanolysis, gas chromatography and multivariate statistics. 
 
Result: The profile showed a difference between southern and northern populations&nbsp; on both the coast. The trend was more obvious in SAFAs and PUFAs; SAFAs were high content in the southern populations and PUFAs were high content in the northern populations. The separation can be attributed to the latitudinal effects on the deposition of fatty acids.

Deciphering the Stock Structure of White Sardine Escualosa thoracata (Valenciennes, 1847) along the Indian Waters by using Chemometric Analysis of Natural Signature Fatty Acid Profile

<div style="text-align:justify">Adulteration in dairy products is not only serious trouble to mortal health but also causes profitable losses. Ghee, the most precious fat, is vented at a high price over other fats and oil. Unethical vendors take advantage of this by mixing ghee with inexpensive fats or oils. Adulteration of ghee could be estimated through its physical-chemical constants such as Butyro-Refractometer reading, Reichert-Meissl value, Polenske value, Iodine value, saponification value, which are time-consuming, Therefore, researchers nowadays adopted novel techniques. The addition of coconut oil in ghee is detected using Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and chemometrics. Analysis of the adulteration in cow ghee with soybean oil by olfactory machine system, electronic nose (E-nose) tool is used as a rapid technique. Analysis of adulteration in cow ghee with vanaspati by using an image analysis technique called particle analysis and colour measurement and a rapid and accessible protocol based on &beta;-sitosterol using Reversed-phase thin layer chromatography (RP-TLC) is developed to check the purity of milk fat. DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) based chromogenic assay is a rapid method that has been used to identify the presence of palm oil in ghee.</div>

Deciphering the Stock Structure of White Sardine Escualosa thoracata (Valenciennes, 1847) along the Indian Waters by using Chemometric Analysis of Natural Signature Fatty Acid Profile

Innovation Techniques to Assess Adulterated Ghee: A Review