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Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika, volume 37 issue 1 (march 2022) : 71-75

Innovation Techniques to Assess Adulterated Ghee: A Review

Heena Kauser, B.G. Shilpashree, A.R. Praveen, B.P. Pushpa, H. Devaraja Naik, Parwez Ali
1Department of Dairy Chemistry, Dairy Science College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru-560 024, Karnataka, India.

  • Submitted09-02-2022|

  • Accepted09-05-2022|

  • First Online 16-05-2022|

  • doi 10.18805/BKAP452

Cite article:- Kauser Heena, Shilpashree B.G., Praveen A.R., Pushpa B.P., Naik Devaraja H., Ali Parwez (2022). Innovation Techniques to Assess Adulterated Ghee: A Review. Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika. 37(1): 71-75. doi: 10.18805/BKAP452.

ABSTRACT

Adulteration in dairy products is not only serious trouble to mortal health but also causes profitable losses. Ghee, the most precious fat, is vented at a high price over other fats and oil. Unethical vendors take advantage of this by mixing ghee with inexpensive fats or oils. Adulteration of ghee could be estimated through its physical-chemical constants such as Butyro-Refractometer reading, Reichert-Meissl value, Polenske value, Iodine value, saponification value, which are time-consuming, Therefore, researchers nowadays adopted novel techniques. The addition of coconut oil in ghee is detected using Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and chemometrics. Analysis of the adulteration in cow ghee with soybean oil by olfactory machine system, electronic nose (E-nose) tool is used as a rapid technique. Analysis of adulteration in cow ghee with vanaspati by using an image analysis technique called particle analysis and colour measurement and a rapid and accessible protocol based on β-sitosterol using Reversed-phase thin layer chromatography (RP-TLC) is developed to check the purity of milk fat. DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) based chromogenic assay is a rapid method that has been used to identify the presence of palm oil in ghee.

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