<div style="text-align:justify">180-day feeding trial was conducted on the growth performance, feeding efficacy, immunological parameters and gonadal reproductive parameters of common carp, Cyprinus carpio fed with neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract (NLE) incorporated at different levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g kg-1 feed) in rice bran and mustard meal (1:1 ratio) basal diet. The study revealed highest Net Weight Gain (NWG) in fish fed on NE 1.0 g kg. Results showed that the good growth response was obtained in fish fed with the NLE 1.0 g kg-1 feed and least in fish fed only on basal diet (without NLE). Whereas, higher gonado-somatic index (GSI), relative fecundity and ova diameter values were obtained from fish fed on basal diet while the least were observed from fish fed only on basal diet, while the least value was fish fed with NLE 1.0 g kg-1 feed. Fish fed with NLE 1.0 g kg-1 feed also showed significantly (p&lt;0.05) enhanced phagocytic activity ratio, Phagocytic index, NBT activity, CAT, SOD, GPx and GR responses in comparison with fish fed only on basal diet, where as LPO is significantly decreased on being fed with NLE up to 1g kg-1 feed. The study indicated that incorporation of NLE in feed improved growth, delayed female gonadal maturation and could be used as a potential immunostimulant and to control the prolificbreeding of C. carpio in aquaculture.</div>


<div style="text-align:justify">Immunostimulatory and antifertility effects of neem (<em>Azadirachta indica</em>) leaf extract on common carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio Linnaeu</em>)</div>


<p>The venous and arterial thromboembolic disorders are still be the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Now a days, the concept of &ldquo;healthy diets&rdquo; is very popular in the present lifestyle. So, the use of antithrombotic agents is of considerable interest in the role of natural food products and their bioactive components in the prevention and treatment of these disorders. Moreover, epidemiologic studies have provided evidence that foods with the thrombolytic/fibrinolytic effect could reduce the risk of thrombosis. &ldquo;Blood thinner foods&rdquo; have the antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and/or fibrinolytic properties. Natural foods that contain salicylates can mimic some of the antiplatelet effects of cardiovascular drug like aspirin. Fruits (i.e., grapefruit, guava, kiwi, pineapple, and watermelon), vegetables (i.e., alfalfa, beans, corn, potato, radish, and zucchini), and spices (i.e., chili, curry, ginger, rosemary and turmeric) are reported that they are containing salicylates compounds. &nbsp;Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a small rhizomatous perennial herb belonging to Zingiberaceae family originating from Southeastern Asia. It is a folk remedy for applying on fresh cuts to stop bleeding and for the healing of wound. Further, turmeric has been shown to possess anticancer, antidiabetic, antifertility, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Its phytochemical substances are alkaloids, curcuminoids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, which all of these contribute to its remedial properties. This article provides a brief overview of the antithrombotic activity of turmeric, C. longa to further provide an up-to-date review showing its importance.</p>


Immunostimulatory and antifertility effects of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract on common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeu)

Antithrombotic activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa): A review