<div>Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), a highly contagious and fatal disease of small ruminants, caused by PPR virus (PPRV). Detection of microbes is mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). These PRRs induce the assembly of a multi-protein signaling platform called the Inflammasome. It detects the pathogens and induces the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukins (IL) i.e. IL-1&beta; and IL-18. The aim of this study was to assess the activation of inflammasome related genes, following exposure to PPRV in Vero Cells and was to assess the effect of activation of inflammasome on downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1&beta; and IL-18 gene expression. 
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Methods: Vero cells were infected with PPRV. The cells were incubated for different periods. Total RNA was reverse transcribed and used for amplification by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and cytokines IL-1&beta; and IL-18 gene expression. 
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Result: It was revealed that 1 MOI of PPRV was appropriate for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NLRP3 and ASC showed an increased level of expression at 2-4 hrs post inoculation (hpi). While, the Caspase-1 showed biphasic expression on 2-4 and 24 hpi, further, in the synchrony to it, IL-1&beta; and IL-18 expression were also found to increase at 2-4 and 24 hpi.</div>

Inflammasome Activation and Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Genes Expression Following Exposure of PPRV in Vero Cells

Background: When pomegranates are multiplied through seeds, germination leads to vigorous tree growth. However, the tree will not be exactly similar to its parent and the resultant fruit produced will be irregular in colour, size, juiciness and sweetness.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: Soft-wood cuttings of Pomegranate cv. Bhagwa were planted in different growing media that were entitled G1- Soil + FYM, G2- Soil + Vermiculite, G3- Soil + Sand + FYM and G4- Soil + FYM + Vermiculite. These cuttings were treated with different combinations of 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Ascorbic acid (ASC) and Boric acid. Studies were carried out in a two-factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with 28 treatment permutations. 
 
Result: Current research indicated that treatment T18 (NAA 500 ppm + H2O2 30 ppm + IBA 500 ppm, Soil + Vermiculite (1:1) worked out to be the best treatment as it exhibited superiority over other treatments. The results of this experiment can practically be implemented to propagate quality planting material by adopting these best results/treatments.

Inflammasome Activation and Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Genes Expression Following Exposure of PPRV in Vero Cells

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Growing Media on Rooting of Cuttings in Punica granatum L. cv. Bhagwa