<div>Climate change such as rising temperature, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, rainfall variability and altering soil physical, chemical and biological properties are observed all around the world. A review over impacts of clim ate change with relation to crops and soil health was done at Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU Hisar. IPCC, 2021 provides new estimates of the chances of crossing the global warming level of 1.5&deg;C in the next decades and finds that unless there are immediate, rapid and large-scale reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, limiting warming to close to 1.5&deg;C or even 2&deg;C will be beyond reach. Impacts of climate change on soil properties are long time process as weather elements induce Physio-chemical reaction with soil which happens slowly in relation to weather elements. Climate change is generally expectedto increase the crop yields due to CO<sub>2</sub> fertilization, radiation use efficiency and longer growing season but on&nbsp; the other hand, beyond a critical limit it may develop stress conditions like water stress, sun burns, scorching, bark cracking, closure stomata, leaf senescence and abscission <em>etc</em>. that can decrease crop production. Acidification, sodicity and salinization problem can develop in soil due to increase in temperature and acidic rainfall. So it can be held that, climate change would have intensive impacts on cereal and horticulture crops health and production as well as on soil properties.</div>


<p>Study of Climate Change Impact on Crops and Soil Health in India: A Review</p>


<div>Cereals have large nitrogen requirement, but the demand for fertilizer is variable. Divergence between the supply and requirement of nitrogen can potentially hamper the crop growth as well as the environment, resulting in poor nitrogen use efficiency leads to economic losses. A balance between supply and utilization is required to optimize crop growth, economic returns and to maintain environmental sustainability which can be solved through need based nitrogen management which is nothing but application of inputs is according to the needs of the farm. Spatial variability is present in the fields but often they receive a same dose of fertilizers because they are treated by farmers as a homogenous unit. Through need based strategies, farmers will supply nitrogen fertilizers according to the demand of the crop which reduce the losses of N fertilizer. A precision agriculture approach to address the disparate spatial N requirements across a field is the use of a variable rate application guided by crop canopy reflectance sensors. Sensors like SPAD chlorophyll meter, greenseeker, rapid SCAN etc are used for determining the nitrogen need of the field crops. Many researchers across the globe are working on standardization of these sensors for different growth stages of the crop. Precision input management in cereals is lacking at present in most of the growing areas. A good amount of information on crop nutrition is available, but information regarding need based N management is lacking. This article reviews the work done on need based nitrogen management strategies in cereals.&nbsp;</div>


Study of Climate Change Impact on Crops and Soil Health in India: A Review

​​Performance of Cereals under Need based Nitrogen Management Strategies: A Review

Performance of Cereals under Need based Nitrogen Management Strategies: A Review