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Research Article

volume 52 issue 5 (may 2018) : 687-694,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3279.

Studies on morphological variation in three barbin fishes (Cyprinidae:Barbinae) from different water areas of Manipur, India
 

C
Ch. Basudha
N
N. Sobita
N
N. Sushindrajit
1ICAR- Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre Lamphelpat, Imphal-795 004, Manipur, India
Cite article:- Basudha Ch., Sobita N., Sushindrajit N. (2017). Studies on morphological variation in three barbin fishes (Cyprinidae:Barbinae) from different water areas of Manipur, India. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(5): 687-694. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3279..

ABSTRACT

A total of two hundred and seventy samples of three barbin fish species viz. Puntius chola, Puntius sophore  and  Pethia manipurensis (Cyprinidae: Barbinae) were investigated for morphometric variations from nine different water areas of Manipur. Twenty reliable morphometric characters were measured in each sample and evaluated with individual species and compared same in each study area by various standard analyses of difference to examine the implication of morphometric variations among populations. The species wise and population wise descriptive statistics viz., mean, standard variation, standard error of mean and the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) were carried out. Among the morphometric characters, Pre dorsal length (LPRD), Orbital length (LO) and Post orbital length (LPO) are insignificant having p value of 0.217, 0.259 and 0.215 respectively. The result of first three components by PCA were 69.62 % (1st), 77.627 % (2nd) and 83.214 % (3rd) which are sufficient to describe the variation among the populations. Discriminant function analysis of the first two functions of various measurements of morphometric characters of three fish species under study reveals that specimens of Puntius chola and P. sophore have high morphological variations whereas specimens of Pethia manipurensis have more or less variations among the populations. The detected phenotypical divergence between specimens revealed the fact of existing of morphologically separated stocks within the samples may imply as a possibility  among the extent of phenotypic heterogeneity and the geographic distance  among the populations. The present study reveals that the population of two species, Puntius chola and P. sophore are separate stock as their geographical sites whereas the population of P. manipurensis is same stock in spite of different geographical sites.

REFERENCES

  1. Altukov, Yu. P. (1981). The stock concept from the viewpoint of population genetics. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38: 1523- 1538. 
  2. Boussou, C. K., Konan, F. K., Edia, O. E., Ouattara, M., Bony, Y. K., Ouattara, A., and Gourene, G. (2010). Morphometric analysis of populations of Chromidotilapia guntheri (Sauvage, 1882) (Cichlidae, perciformes) in four coastal rivers of Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa). Pan-American J. Aquat. Sci. 5: 387-400.
  3. Carvalho, G.R. (1993). Evolutionary aspects of fish distribution: genetic variability and adaptation. J. Fish Biol. 43 (Supplement A): 53-73.
  4. Collins R.A., Armstrong K.F., Meier R., Yi Y., Brown S.D.J., Cruickshank R.H., Keeling S. and Johnston C. (2012). Barcoding and border biosecurity: identifying cyprinid fishes in the aquarium trade. PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028381.
  5. Dynes, J., Magnan, P., Bernatchez, L. and Rodriguez, M.A. (1999). Genetic and morphological variation between two forms of lacustrine brook charr. J. Fish Biol. 54: 955-972.
  6. Grunbaum, .T, Cloutie, R., Mabee, P. M. and Francois, NRLeF. (2007). Early developmental plasticity and integrative responses in Arctic Charr (Salvinus alpinus): Effects of water velocity on body size and shape. J. Exp. Zoo. (Mol.Dev. Evol) ,308B: 396-408.
  7. Guenette, S., Rassart, E. and Firtin, R. (1992). Morphological differentiation of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) from the St. Lawrence river and Lac des Deux Montagnes (Quebec, Canada). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49: 1959-1965.
  8. Gunawickrama K. B. Suneetha ( 2008). Intraspecific variation in morphology and sexual dimorphism in Puntius singhala (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci. ) 37 (2): 167-175. 
  9. Hänfling, B. and Brandl, R. (1998). Genetic and morphological variation in a common European cyprinid, Leuciscus cephalus within and across Central European drainages. J Fish Biol. 52: 706-715.
  10. Hinder, I. and Jonsson, B. (1993). Ecological polymorphism in Arctic Charr. Bio. J.fLinn. Society. 48:63-74.
  11. Ihssen, P. E., Booke, H. E., Casselman, J.M., McGlade, J.M. and Payne, N.R. (1981). Stock identification: materials and methods. Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci. 38: 1838-1855.
  12. Jerry, D. R. and Cairns, S.C. (1998). Morphological variation in the catadromous Australian bass, from seven geographically distinct riverine drainages. J. Fish Biol. 52: 829-843.
  13. Kottelat, M. (1990). Indochinese nemacheilines. A revision of nemacheiline loaches (Pisces: Cypriniformes) of Thailand, Burma, Laos, Cambodia and southern Vietnam. Dr. F. Pfeil, München, 262 pp.
  14. Linthoingambi, I. and Vishwanath, W. 2007. Two new fish species of the genus Puntius Hamilton (Cyprinidae) from Manipur, India, with notes on P. ticto (Hamilton) and P. stoliczkanus (Day). Zootaxa. 1450: 45-56.
  15. Luck, G.W., Daily, G.C. and Ehrlich, P.R. (2003). Population diversity and ecosystem services. Trends in Eco. Evol. 18:331-336.
  16. Mir, F. A., Mir, J. I. and Chandra, S. (2013). Phenotypic variation in the Snowtrout Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray, 1832) (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Indian Himalayas. Contributions to Zool. 82 (3):115-122.
  17. Mir, F. A., Mir, J. I. and Chandra, S. (2014). Detection of morphometric differentiation in Sattar snowtrout, Schizothorax curvifrons (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Kashmir Himalaya using a truss network system. Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol.), 62 (1): 119-127.
  18. Murta, A.G. (2000). Morphological variation of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in the Iberian and North African Atlantic: implications for stock identification. ICES J.. Marine Sci., 57: 1240–1248.
  19. Peres-Neto, P. R. and Magnan, P. (2004). The influence of swimming demand on phenotypic plasticity and morphological integration: a comparison of two polymorphic Char species. Oecologica, 140: 36–45.
  20. Pethiyagoda, R., Meegaskumbura, M. and Kalana Maduwage, K. 2012. A synopsis of the South Asian fishes referred to Puntius (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters. 23(1): 69-95.
  21. Shantakumar, M. and Vishwanath, W. (2006). Inter-relationships of Puntius Hamilton-Buchanan (Cyprinidae: Cyprininae) found in Manipur, India. Zoos’ Print J., 21 (6): 2279-2283.
  22. Smith, B.T. and Skúlason , S. (1996). Evolutionary significance of resource polymorphisms in fishes, amphibians and birds. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 27:111-33.
  23. Swain P. D., C.J. Foote (1999). Stocks and chameleons: the use of phenotypic variation in stock identification. Fish. Res. 4 :113-128.
  24. Tudela S. (1999). Morphological variability in a Mediterranean, genetically homogeneous population of European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus. Fisher. Res. 42: 229–243.
  25. Vishwanath, W. and Laishram, J. (2004). Two new species of Puntius Hamilton-Buchanan (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Manipur, India, with an account of Puntius species from the state. J. Bombay Nat. His. Society. 101: (1 ): 130-137.
  26. Vishwanath, W., Lakra, W.S. and Sarkar, U. K. (2007). Fishes of North East India. NBFGR publ. India.
  27. Wilson, D. S. and Turelli, M. (1986). Stable Underdominance and the Evolutionary invasion of Empty Niches. The American Naturalist. 127(6): 835-850.
  28. Wimberger, P. H. (1991). Plasticity of jaw and skull morphology in the neotropical cichlids Geophagus brasiliensis and G. steindachneri. Evol. 45: 1545-1561. 
  29. Wimberger, P. H. (1992). Plasticity of fish body shape. The effects of diet, development, family and age in two species of Geophagus (Pisces: Cichlidae). Bio. J. Linn. Society. 45: 197-218. 
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    Research Article

    volume 52 issue 5 (may 2018) : 687-694,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3279.

    Studies on morphological variation in three barbin fishes (Cyprinidae:Barbinae) from different water areas of Manipur, India
     

    C
    Ch. Basudha
    N
    N. Sobita
    N
    N. Sushindrajit
    1ICAR- Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre Lamphelpat, Imphal-795 004, Manipur, India
    Cite article:- Basudha Ch., Sobita N., Sushindrajit N. (2017). Studies on morphological variation in three barbin fishes (Cyprinidae:Barbinae) from different water areas of Manipur, India. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(5): 687-694. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3279..

    ABSTRACT

    A total of two hundred and seventy samples of three barbin fish species viz. Puntius chola, Puntius sophore  and  Pethia manipurensis (Cyprinidae: Barbinae) were investigated for morphometric variations from nine different water areas of Manipur. Twenty reliable morphometric characters were measured in each sample and evaluated with individual species and compared same in each study area by various standard analyses of difference to examine the implication of morphometric variations among populations. The species wise and population wise descriptive statistics viz., mean, standard variation, standard error of mean and the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) were carried out. Among the morphometric characters, Pre dorsal length (LPRD), Orbital length (LO) and Post orbital length (LPO) are insignificant having p value of 0.217, 0.259 and 0.215 respectively. The result of first three components by PCA were 69.62 % (1st), 77.627 % (2nd) and 83.214 % (3rd) which are sufficient to describe the variation among the populations. Discriminant function analysis of the first two functions of various measurements of morphometric characters of three fish species under study reveals that specimens of Puntius chola and P. sophore have high morphological variations whereas specimens of Pethia manipurensis have more or less variations among the populations. The detected phenotypical divergence between specimens revealed the fact of existing of morphologically separated stocks within the samples may imply as a possibility  among the extent of phenotypic heterogeneity and the geographic distance  among the populations. The present study reveals that the population of two species, Puntius chola and P. sophore are separate stock as their geographical sites whereas the population of P. manipurensis is same stock in spite of different geographical sites.

    REFERENCES

    1. Altukov, Yu. P. (1981). The stock concept from the viewpoint of population genetics. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38: 1523- 1538. 
    2. Boussou, C. K., Konan, F. K., Edia, O. E., Ouattara, M., Bony, Y. K., Ouattara, A., and Gourene, G. (2010). Morphometric analysis of populations of Chromidotilapia guntheri (Sauvage, 1882) (Cichlidae, perciformes) in four coastal rivers of Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa). Pan-American J. Aquat. Sci. 5: 387-400.
    3. Carvalho, G.R. (1993). Evolutionary aspects of fish distribution: genetic variability and adaptation. J. Fish Biol. 43 (Supplement A): 53-73.
    4. Collins R.A., Armstrong K.F., Meier R., Yi Y., Brown S.D.J., Cruickshank R.H., Keeling S. and Johnston C. (2012). Barcoding and border biosecurity: identifying cyprinid fishes in the aquarium trade. PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028381.
    5. Dynes, J., Magnan, P., Bernatchez, L. and Rodriguez, M.A. (1999). Genetic and morphological variation between two forms of lacustrine brook charr. J. Fish Biol. 54: 955-972.
    6. Grunbaum, .T, Cloutie, R., Mabee, P. M. and Francois, NRLeF. (2007). Early developmental plasticity and integrative responses in Arctic Charr (Salvinus alpinus): Effects of water velocity on body size and shape. J. Exp. Zoo. (Mol.Dev. Evol) ,308B: 396-408.
    7. Guenette, S., Rassart, E. and Firtin, R. (1992). Morphological differentiation of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) from the St. Lawrence river and Lac des Deux Montagnes (Quebec, Canada). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49: 1959-1965.
    8. Gunawickrama K. B. Suneetha ( 2008). Intraspecific variation in morphology and sexual dimorphism in Puntius singhala (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci. ) 37 (2): 167-175. 
    9. Hänfling, B. and Brandl, R. (1998). Genetic and morphological variation in a common European cyprinid, Leuciscus cephalus within and across Central European drainages. J Fish Biol. 52: 706-715.
    10. Hinder, I. and Jonsson, B. (1993). Ecological polymorphism in Arctic Charr. Bio. J.fLinn. Society. 48:63-74.
    11. Ihssen, P. E., Booke, H. E., Casselman, J.M., McGlade, J.M. and Payne, N.R. (1981). Stock identification: materials and methods. Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci. 38: 1838-1855.
    12. Jerry, D. R. and Cairns, S.C. (1998). Morphological variation in the catadromous Australian bass, from seven geographically distinct riverine drainages. J. Fish Biol. 52: 829-843.
    13. Kottelat, M. (1990). Indochinese nemacheilines. A revision of nemacheiline loaches (Pisces: Cypriniformes) of Thailand, Burma, Laos, Cambodia and southern Vietnam. Dr. F. Pfeil, München, 262 pp.
    14. Linthoingambi, I. and Vishwanath, W. 2007. Two new fish species of the genus Puntius Hamilton (Cyprinidae) from Manipur, India, with notes on P. ticto (Hamilton) and P. stoliczkanus (Day). Zootaxa. 1450: 45-56.
    15. Luck, G.W., Daily, G.C. and Ehrlich, P.R. (2003). Population diversity and ecosystem services. Trends in Eco. Evol. 18:331-336.
    16. Mir, F. A., Mir, J. I. and Chandra, S. (2013). Phenotypic variation in the Snowtrout Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray, 1832) (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Indian Himalayas. Contributions to Zool. 82 (3):115-122.
    17. Mir, F. A., Mir, J. I. and Chandra, S. (2014). Detection of morphometric differentiation in Sattar snowtrout, Schizothorax curvifrons (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Kashmir Himalaya using a truss network system. Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol.), 62 (1): 119-127.
    18. Murta, A.G. (2000). Morphological variation of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in the Iberian and North African Atlantic: implications for stock identification. ICES J.. Marine Sci., 57: 1240–1248.
    19. Peres-Neto, P. R. and Magnan, P. (2004). The influence of swimming demand on phenotypic plasticity and morphological integration: a comparison of two polymorphic Char species. Oecologica, 140: 36–45.
    20. Pethiyagoda, R., Meegaskumbura, M. and Kalana Maduwage, K. 2012. A synopsis of the South Asian fishes referred to Puntius (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters. 23(1): 69-95.
    21. Shantakumar, M. and Vishwanath, W. (2006). Inter-relationships of Puntius Hamilton-Buchanan (Cyprinidae: Cyprininae) found in Manipur, India. Zoos’ Print J., 21 (6): 2279-2283.
    22. Smith, B.T. and Skúlason , S. (1996). Evolutionary significance of resource polymorphisms in fishes, amphibians and birds. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 27:111-33.
    23. Swain P. D., C.J. Foote (1999). Stocks and chameleons: the use of phenotypic variation in stock identification. Fish. Res. 4 :113-128.
    24. Tudela S. (1999). Morphological variability in a Mediterranean, genetically homogeneous population of European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus. Fisher. Res. 42: 229–243.
    25. Vishwanath, W. and Laishram, J. (2004). Two new species of Puntius Hamilton-Buchanan (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Manipur, India, with an account of Puntius species from the state. J. Bombay Nat. His. Society. 101: (1 ): 130-137.
    26. Vishwanath, W., Lakra, W.S. and Sarkar, U. K. (2007). Fishes of North East India. NBFGR publ. India.
    27. Wilson, D. S. and Turelli, M. (1986). Stable Underdominance and the Evolutionary invasion of Empty Niches. The American Naturalist. 127(6): 835-850.
    28. Wimberger, P. H. (1991). Plasticity of jaw and skull morphology in the neotropical cichlids Geophagus brasiliensis and G. steindachneri. Evol. 45: 1545-1561. 
    29. Wimberger, P. H. (1992). Plasticity of fish body shape. The effects of diet, development, family and age in two species of Geophagus (Pisces: Cichlidae). Bio. J. Linn. Society. 45: 197-218. 
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