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volume 46 issue 4 (december 2012) : 309-316

MULTITIER CROPPING SYSTEM FOR PROFITABLE RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SLOPING LANDS OF EASTERN INDIA

P
Praveen Jakhar*
D
D. Barman1
H
H.C. Home Gowda
M
M. Madhu
1Cental Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Research Centre, Sunabeda, Koraput, Odisha 763 002, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Jakhar* Praveen, Barman1 D., Gowda Home H.C., Madhu M. (2025). MULTITIER CROPPING SYSTEM FOR PROFITABLE RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SLOPING LANDS OF EASTERN INDIA. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 46(4): 309-316. doi: .

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted at Research farm of CSWCRTI, Research centre, Sunabeda in District Koraput of Odisha during 2007 - 2010 in Kharif season on silty loam red lateritic soil with an objective to access the effect of different Multitier cropping systems on runoff, soil-nutrient loss and economics. The experiment had ten treatments consisting of the combinations of fruit tree papaya (Carica papaya) with boundary plantation of forest shrub i.e. Gliricidia sepium and annual crops ginger (Zingiber offcinale), farmers’ practice of broadcasting, line sowing of ragi (Elusine coracana) and their intercropping ratios. The treatments were set in a randomized complete block design replicated thrice.  In comparison to farmers’ practice of broadcasting; line sowing of ragi decreased runoff and erosion by 23 and 15 %, respectively. Among different treatments multitier cropping of ginger: pigeonpea yielded minimum runoff of 45.2 mm.  Square plantation of papaya in sole ragi and intercropped ragi: pigeonpea (6:2) plots with boundary plantation of Gliricidia on bunds reduced net soil loss by 36 and 45 %. Cultivated fallow reported maximum nutrient loss to the tune of 109.9, 0.31 and 10.70 kg ha-1 for Organic carbon (OC), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium, respectively. Sole ginger and ginger intercropped with pigeonpea in papaya + Gliricidia system recorded 58 and 41 % lower OC loss than the farmers’ practice of ragi broadcasting.  Multitier cropping of papaya + Gliricidia with ginger: pigeonpea intercropping recorded highest values enrichment ratio for OC and P to the tune of 2.25 and 4.56, respectively. Ginger, pigeonpea and ragi recorded an increase of 23, 14.4 and 25.8 % in Cation Exchange Capacity, when raised under multitier cropping system. In comparison to ragi sole cultivation, its intercropping with pigeonpea under multitier system showed an increase of 14.7 and 34.9 % for infiltration and porosity, respectively. In comparison to sole cultivation under papaya intercropping ginger yield improved by 15q and in ginger + pigeonpea intercropping system by 21 qha-1, respectively. Among all treatments,  papaya+ gliricidia based multitier cropping system of ginger intercropped with pigeonpea (8:2) gave maximum net returns of Rs.2.47 lakhs with B: C ratio of 2.55 followed by sole ginger.

REFERENCES

  1. Abunyewa, A. Asiedu, E. K., Nyamekye A.L., Cobbias, J. (2004). Alley cropping Gliricidia sepium with maize; 1 The effect of hedgerow spacing, pruning height and phosphorus application rate on maize yield. J. Biolo. Sci.
  2. 4: 81-86.
  3. Anonymous. (2004). Ginger cultivation. Indian Institute of Spices Research. Calicut. Kerala.
  4. Barman, D., Jakhar, P., Hombe Gowda, H.C. and Naik, B. S. (2011). Probability analysis of rainfall characteristics of Semiliguda in Koraput, Odisha. Indian J. Soil Cons. 39:9-13.
  5. Bray R H and Kurtz L T. (1945). Determination of total organic and available forms of phosphorous in soils. Soil Sci. 59: 39–45.
  6. Dass, A. and Sudhishri, S. (2010). Intercropping in finger millet (Elusine coracana) with pulses for enhanced productivity, resource conservation and soil fertility in uplands of southern Odisha. Indian J. Agronomy. 55 (2): 89-94.
  7. Dass A, Sudhishri S and Paikaray N K. (2006). Planting techniques and alternate mulches for enhancing soil moisture retention and productivity of rainfed ginger. (Zingiber offcinale Rose.) International J. Agric. Sci. 2 (1): 211-215.
  8. Gangwar K S, Sharma S K and Tomar O K. (2004). Alley cropping of Subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) for sustaining higher crop productivity and soil fertility of rice (Oryza sativa) - wheat (Triticum aestivum) system in semi arid conditions. Indian J. Agronu. 49 (2): 84-88.
  9. Hanway J J and Heidel H. (1952). Soil analysis methods as used in Iowa State College Soil Testing Laboratory. Iowa Agric. 57:1–37.
  10. Hashim GM, Coughlan KJ and Syers JK. (1998). On site nutrient depletion: An effect and a cause of soil erosion. In‘Soil erosion at multiple scales: principles and methods for assessing causes and impacts.’ (Eds. Penning de Vries FWT, Agus F), (CAB international, Wallignford, U.K. 207-21.
  11. Kang B T, Wilson G F and Sipkers L. (1981). Alley cropping maize (Zea mays) and Lucaena luecapohela in south Nigeria. Plant and soil. 63: 165-179.
  12. Ong C K, Black C R, Wallace J S, Khan A A H, Lott J E, Jackson N A, Howard S B and Smith D M. (2000). Productivity, microclimate and water use in Grevillea robusta based Agroforestry systems on hill slopes in Kenya. Agric. Ecosyst Environ 80: 121–141.
  13. Pandey C B and Chaudhary S K. (2010). Soil and nutrient losses studies from different land uses and vegetative methods for their control on hilly terrain on southern Andaman. Indian J. Agricul. Sci. 80 (5): 399-404.
  14. Sarkar A., Ghosh B., Mandal D. (2010). Study on papaya based intercropping and its economics at farmers, field in West Bengal, India. Acta Horticulture. 851: 285-290.
  15. Sikka, A.K., Singh, D.V., Gadekar, H., Madhu, M., (2000). Diagnostic Survey and Zonation of Eastern Ghats for Natural Resource Conservation and Management. Central Soil andWater Conservation Research and Training Institute, Research Center, Ootacamund, India, p. 82.
  16. Sudhishri S, Dass A and Lenka, N K. (2008). Efficacy of vegetative barriers for rehabilitation of degraded hill slopes in eastern India. Soil & Tillage Res. 99 : 98–107.
  17. Velmurugan A, Swarnam T P, Kumar P and Ravishankar N. (2008). Soil erosion assessment using revised Morgan, Morgan Finney model for prioritization of Dhanikhani watershed in South Andaman. Indian J. Soil Conserv. 36: 173–9.
  18. Walkley A and Black I A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareef method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method.
  19. Wani S P, Singh H P, Sreedevi T K, Pathak P, Rego T J, Shiferraw B and Iyer S R. (2003). Farmers participatory integrated watershed management: Adarsha watershed, Kothapally India- an innovative and upscapable approach. Case 7: 123-147.
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    volume 46 issue 4 (december 2012) : 309-316

    MULTITIER CROPPING SYSTEM FOR PROFITABLE RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SLOPING LANDS OF EASTERN INDIA

    P
    Praveen Jakhar*
    D
    D. Barman1
    H
    H.C. Home Gowda
    M
    M. Madhu
    1Cental Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Research Centre, Sunabeda, Koraput, Odisha 763 002, India

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Jakhar* Praveen, Barman1 D., Gowda Home H.C., Madhu M. (2025). MULTITIER CROPPING SYSTEM FOR PROFITABLE RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SLOPING LANDS OF EASTERN INDIA. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 46(4): 309-316. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    A field experiment was conducted at Research farm of CSWCRTI, Research centre, Sunabeda in District Koraput of Odisha during 2007 - 2010 in Kharif season on silty loam red lateritic soil with an objective to access the effect of different Multitier cropping systems on runoff, soil-nutrient loss and economics. The experiment had ten treatments consisting of the combinations of fruit tree papaya (Carica papaya) with boundary plantation of forest shrub i.e. Gliricidia sepium and annual crops ginger (Zingiber offcinale), farmers’ practice of broadcasting, line sowing of ragi (Elusine coracana) and their intercropping ratios. The treatments were set in a randomized complete block design replicated thrice.  In comparison to farmers’ practice of broadcasting; line sowing of ragi decreased runoff and erosion by 23 and 15 %, respectively. Among different treatments multitier cropping of ginger: pigeonpea yielded minimum runoff of 45.2 mm.  Square plantation of papaya in sole ragi and intercropped ragi: pigeonpea (6:2) plots with boundary plantation of Gliricidia on bunds reduced net soil loss by 36 and 45 %. Cultivated fallow reported maximum nutrient loss to the tune of 109.9, 0.31 and 10.70 kg ha-1 for Organic carbon (OC), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium, respectively. Sole ginger and ginger intercropped with pigeonpea in papaya + Gliricidia system recorded 58 and 41 % lower OC loss than the farmers’ practice of ragi broadcasting.  Multitier cropping of papaya + Gliricidia with ginger: pigeonpea intercropping recorded highest values enrichment ratio for OC and P to the tune of 2.25 and 4.56, respectively. Ginger, pigeonpea and ragi recorded an increase of 23, 14.4 and 25.8 % in Cation Exchange Capacity, when raised under multitier cropping system. In comparison to ragi sole cultivation, its intercropping with pigeonpea under multitier system showed an increase of 14.7 and 34.9 % for infiltration and porosity, respectively. In comparison to sole cultivation under papaya intercropping ginger yield improved by 15q and in ginger + pigeonpea intercropping system by 21 qha-1, respectively. Among all treatments,  papaya+ gliricidia based multitier cropping system of ginger intercropped with pigeonpea (8:2) gave maximum net returns of Rs.2.47 lakhs with B: C ratio of 2.55 followed by sole ginger.

    REFERENCES

    1. Abunyewa, A. Asiedu, E. K., Nyamekye A.L., Cobbias, J. (2004). Alley cropping Gliricidia sepium with maize; 1 The effect of hedgerow spacing, pruning height and phosphorus application rate on maize yield. J. Biolo. Sci.
    2. 4: 81-86.
    3. Anonymous. (2004). Ginger cultivation. Indian Institute of Spices Research. Calicut. Kerala.
    4. Barman, D., Jakhar, P., Hombe Gowda, H.C. and Naik, B. S. (2011). Probability analysis of rainfall characteristics of Semiliguda in Koraput, Odisha. Indian J. Soil Cons. 39:9-13.
    5. Bray R H and Kurtz L T. (1945). Determination of total organic and available forms of phosphorous in soils. Soil Sci. 59: 39–45.
    6. Dass, A. and Sudhishri, S. (2010). Intercropping in finger millet (Elusine coracana) with pulses for enhanced productivity, resource conservation and soil fertility in uplands of southern Odisha. Indian J. Agronomy. 55 (2): 89-94.
    7. Dass A, Sudhishri S and Paikaray N K. (2006). Planting techniques and alternate mulches for enhancing soil moisture retention and productivity of rainfed ginger. (Zingiber offcinale Rose.) International J. Agric. Sci. 2 (1): 211-215.
    8. Gangwar K S, Sharma S K and Tomar O K. (2004). Alley cropping of Subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) for sustaining higher crop productivity and soil fertility of rice (Oryza sativa) - wheat (Triticum aestivum) system in semi arid conditions. Indian J. Agronu. 49 (2): 84-88.
    9. Hanway J J and Heidel H. (1952). Soil analysis methods as used in Iowa State College Soil Testing Laboratory. Iowa Agric. 57:1–37.
    10. Hashim GM, Coughlan KJ and Syers JK. (1998). On site nutrient depletion: An effect and a cause of soil erosion. In‘Soil erosion at multiple scales: principles and methods for assessing causes and impacts.’ (Eds. Penning de Vries FWT, Agus F), (CAB international, Wallignford, U.K. 207-21.
    11. Kang B T, Wilson G F and Sipkers L. (1981). Alley cropping maize (Zea mays) and Lucaena luecapohela in south Nigeria. Plant and soil. 63: 165-179.
    12. Ong C K, Black C R, Wallace J S, Khan A A H, Lott J E, Jackson N A, Howard S B and Smith D M. (2000). Productivity, microclimate and water use in Grevillea robusta based Agroforestry systems on hill slopes in Kenya. Agric. Ecosyst Environ 80: 121–141.
    13. Pandey C B and Chaudhary S K. (2010). Soil and nutrient losses studies from different land uses and vegetative methods for their control on hilly terrain on southern Andaman. Indian J. Agricul. Sci. 80 (5): 399-404.
    14. Sarkar A., Ghosh B., Mandal D. (2010). Study on papaya based intercropping and its economics at farmers, field in West Bengal, India. Acta Horticulture. 851: 285-290.
    15. Sikka, A.K., Singh, D.V., Gadekar, H., Madhu, M., (2000). Diagnostic Survey and Zonation of Eastern Ghats for Natural Resource Conservation and Management. Central Soil andWater Conservation Research and Training Institute, Research Center, Ootacamund, India, p. 82.
    16. Sudhishri S, Dass A and Lenka, N K. (2008). Efficacy of vegetative barriers for rehabilitation of degraded hill slopes in eastern India. Soil & Tillage Res. 99 : 98–107.
    17. Velmurugan A, Swarnam T P, Kumar P and Ravishankar N. (2008). Soil erosion assessment using revised Morgan, Morgan Finney model for prioritization of Dhanikhani watershed in South Andaman. Indian J. Soil Conserv. 36: 173–9.
    18. Walkley A and Black I A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareef method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method.
    19. Wani S P, Singh H P, Sreedevi T K, Pathak P, Rego T J, Shiferraw B and Iyer S R. (2003). Farmers participatory integrated watershed management: Adarsha watershed, Kothapally India- an innovative and upscapable approach. Case 7: 123-147.
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