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volume 46 issue 1 (march 2012) : 1 - 8

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SODIUM CHLORIDE AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOTON FLUX DENSITY ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF TWO BARLEY CULTIVARS

H
Hossein Sadeghi*
1Department of Desert Region Management, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Sadeghi* Hossein (2025). EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SODIUM CHLORIDE AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOTON FLUX DENSITY ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF TWO BARLEY CULTIVARS. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 46(1): 1 - 8. doi: .

ABSTRACT

In majority of southern provinces of Iran, soil salinity is a growing problem particularly in the irrigated agricultural areas and has been found to reduce barley yields. In order to investigate the effect of various levels of sodium chloride (Nacl) on some physiological characteristics of two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars viz., Afzal (a salt tolerant variety) and Reyhan (a salt sensitive variety), an experiment was conducted with salinity levels of 0, 4, 8 and 12 dS m–1 in four replications in a controlled environment of the greenhouse during 2007-2008. The physiological parameters measured were Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) incident on leaf surface, photosynthesis rate (A), sub-stomatal CO2(Ci), transpiration rate(E) and stomatal conductance of CO2 (gs). The results showed that PPFD increased during the period between 8 to 14 O’clock. At both stem elongation and anthesis stages photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 content increased consistently between 8 to 12 O’clock periods. However, the above mentioned traits were found to decline from 12 to 14 O’clock due to the increasing leaf temperature. The decreasing in photosynthesis in saline conditions was attributed to excess Na+ and K+ ions. The increasing of these ions in vacuole has led to the increase in cytoplasm and declining photosynthesis processes. A substantial reduction in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate was detected due to exposure to salt stress. In general, the photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 of salt tolerant Afzal variety were found to be higher than salt sensitive Reyhan variety. Thus, it can be stated from the investigation that due to its less adverse effect on salinity, Afzal cultivar is found more suitable for cultivation in the saline soils of the Iran province.

REFERENCES

  1. Chen Z, and Gallie D R. (2004). The ascorbic acid redox state controls guard cell signaling and stomata movement. The Plant Cell . 16:1143–1162.
  2. Davenport R, James R. A, Zakrisson-Plogander A, Tester M, Munns R. (2005). Control of sodium transport in durum wheat. Plant Physiol. 137:807–818.
  3. Dionisio-Sese M. L, Tobita S. (2000). Effects of salinity on sodium content and photosynthetic responses of rice seedlings differing in salt tolerance. J Plant Physiol. 157:54–58.
  4. Flowers T. J, Yeo A. R.. (1981).Variability in the resistance of sodium chloride salinity within rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. New Phytologist. 88:363–373.
  5. James R. A, Rivelli A. R, Munns R, von Caemmerer S. (2002). Factors affecting CO2 assimilation, leaf injury and growth in salt-stressed durum wheat. Functional Plant Biol. 29:1393–1403.
  6. Longstreth D. J, Nobel PS. (1979). Salinity effects on leaf anatomy. Plant Physiology 63:700–703.
  7. Maas EV, Grieve CM. 1990. Spike and leaf development in salt-stressed wheat. Crop Sci 30, 1309–1313.
  8. Moradi F, Ismail A. M, Gregorio GB, Egdane JA. (2003). Salinity tolerance of rice during reproductive development and association with tolerance at the seedling stage. Indian J Plant Physiol. 8:276–287.
  9. Moradi F. and Ismail AM. (2007). Responses of Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll Fluorescence and ROS-Scavenging Systems to Salt Stress During Seedling and Reproductive Stages in Rice. Annals of Bot . 99:1161-1173.
  10. Munns R, James RA, Läuchli A. (2006). Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. J Exp Bot. 57:1025–1043.
  11. Pakniyat, H. A. Kazemipour and A. Mohammadi. (2003). Variation in salt tolerance of cultivated (Hordeum Vulgare L.) and wild (H. Spontaneum C. Koch) Barley genotypes from Iran. Iran Agric. Res. 22:45-62.
  12. Robinson J. M. (1988). Does O2 photoreduction occur within chloroplast in vivo. Physiologia Plantarum 72:666–680.
  13. Sadeghi, H. (2011). Differential response to salinity in two Iranian barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ) cultivars. Romanian Agric Res. 28:57-64.
  14. Yeo A. R, and T. J Flowers. (1986). The effect of salinity upon photosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.): gas exchange by individual leaves in relation to their salt content. J Exp Bot. 36:1240–1248.
  15. Yeo AR, Capon SJM, Flowers T J. (1985). The effect of salinity upon photosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.): gas exchange by individual leaves in relation to their salt content. J Exp Bot. 36:1240–1248.
  16. Yeo AR, Yeo ME, Flowers SA, Flowers TJ. .(1990). Screening of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for physiological characters contributing to salinity resistance, and their relationship to overall performance. Theoretical and Applied Gene 79:377–384.
  17. Zheng L, Shannon MC, Lesch SM. (2001). Timing of salinity stress affecting rice growth and yield components. Agric Water Manag 48:191–206.
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    volume 46 issue 1 (march 2012) : 1 - 8

    EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SODIUM CHLORIDE AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOTON FLUX DENSITY ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF TWO BARLEY CULTIVARS

    H
    Hossein Sadeghi*
    1Department of Desert Region Management, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Sadeghi* Hossein (2025). EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SODIUM CHLORIDE AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOTON FLUX DENSITY ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF TWO BARLEY CULTIVARS. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 46(1): 1 - 8. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    In majority of southern provinces of Iran, soil salinity is a growing problem particularly in the irrigated agricultural areas and has been found to reduce barley yields. In order to investigate the effect of various levels of sodium chloride (Nacl) on some physiological characteristics of two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars viz., Afzal (a salt tolerant variety) and Reyhan (a salt sensitive variety), an experiment was conducted with salinity levels of 0, 4, 8 and 12 dS m–1 in four replications in a controlled environment of the greenhouse during 2007-2008. The physiological parameters measured were Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) incident on leaf surface, photosynthesis rate (A), sub-stomatal CO2(Ci), transpiration rate(E) and stomatal conductance of CO2 (gs). The results showed that PPFD increased during the period between 8 to 14 O’clock. At both stem elongation and anthesis stages photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 content increased consistently between 8 to 12 O’clock periods. However, the above mentioned traits were found to decline from 12 to 14 O’clock due to the increasing leaf temperature. The decreasing in photosynthesis in saline conditions was attributed to excess Na+ and K+ ions. The increasing of these ions in vacuole has led to the increase in cytoplasm and declining photosynthesis processes. A substantial reduction in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate was detected due to exposure to salt stress. In general, the photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 of salt tolerant Afzal variety were found to be higher than salt sensitive Reyhan variety. Thus, it can be stated from the investigation that due to its less adverse effect on salinity, Afzal cultivar is found more suitable for cultivation in the saline soils of the Iran province.

    REFERENCES

    1. Chen Z, and Gallie D R. (2004). The ascorbic acid redox state controls guard cell signaling and stomata movement. The Plant Cell . 16:1143–1162.
    2. Davenport R, James R. A, Zakrisson-Plogander A, Tester M, Munns R. (2005). Control of sodium transport in durum wheat. Plant Physiol. 137:807–818.
    3. Dionisio-Sese M. L, Tobita S. (2000). Effects of salinity on sodium content and photosynthetic responses of rice seedlings differing in salt tolerance. J Plant Physiol. 157:54–58.
    4. Flowers T. J, Yeo A. R.. (1981).Variability in the resistance of sodium chloride salinity within rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. New Phytologist. 88:363–373.
    5. James R. A, Rivelli A. R, Munns R, von Caemmerer S. (2002). Factors affecting CO2 assimilation, leaf injury and growth in salt-stressed durum wheat. Functional Plant Biol. 29:1393–1403.
    6. Longstreth D. J, Nobel PS. (1979). Salinity effects on leaf anatomy. Plant Physiology 63:700–703.
    7. Maas EV, Grieve CM. 1990. Spike and leaf development in salt-stressed wheat. Crop Sci 30, 1309–1313.
    8. Moradi F, Ismail A. M, Gregorio GB, Egdane JA. (2003). Salinity tolerance of rice during reproductive development and association with tolerance at the seedling stage. Indian J Plant Physiol. 8:276–287.
    9. Moradi F. and Ismail AM. (2007). Responses of Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll Fluorescence and ROS-Scavenging Systems to Salt Stress During Seedling and Reproductive Stages in Rice. Annals of Bot . 99:1161-1173.
    10. Munns R, James RA, Läuchli A. (2006). Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. J Exp Bot. 57:1025–1043.
    11. Pakniyat, H. A. Kazemipour and A. Mohammadi. (2003). Variation in salt tolerance of cultivated (Hordeum Vulgare L.) and wild (H. Spontaneum C. Koch) Barley genotypes from Iran. Iran Agric. Res. 22:45-62.
    12. Robinson J. M. (1988). Does O2 photoreduction occur within chloroplast in vivo. Physiologia Plantarum 72:666–680.
    13. Sadeghi, H. (2011). Differential response to salinity in two Iranian barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ) cultivars. Romanian Agric Res. 28:57-64.
    14. Yeo A. R, and T. J Flowers. (1986). The effect of salinity upon photosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.): gas exchange by individual leaves in relation to their salt content. J Exp Bot. 36:1240–1248.
    15. Yeo AR, Capon SJM, Flowers T J. (1985). The effect of salinity upon photosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.): gas exchange by individual leaves in relation to their salt content. J Exp Bot. 36:1240–1248.
    16. Yeo AR, Yeo ME, Flowers SA, Flowers TJ. .(1990). Screening of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for physiological characters contributing to salinity resistance, and their relationship to overall performance. Theoretical and Applied Gene 79:377–384.
    17. Zheng L, Shannon MC, Lesch SM. (2001). Timing of salinity stress affecting rice growth and yield components. Agric Water Manag 48:191–206.
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