Banner
Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive
Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 47 issue 3 (june 2013) : 185-191

EFFECTS OF CONSECUTIVE TURNOVER OF GREEN MANURE AND N FERTILIZER ON SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS AND ENZYME ACTIVITY IN TOBACCO-PLANTED FIELD

J
Jiang Hou-Long1
L
Li Zheng2
L
Liu Shu-Duan3
X
Xu An-Ding1
Y
Yang Chao1
Z
Zhang Yan1
L
Liu Guo-Shun4
*
*
Y
Ye Xie- Feng4
1Tobacco College Agronomy Department of Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Centre, Zhengzhou 450 002, China

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Hou-Long1 Jiang, Zheng2 Li, Shu-Duan3 Liu, An-Ding1 Xu, Chao1 Yang, Yan1 Zhang, Guo-Shun4 Liu, *, Feng4 Xie- Ye (2025). EFFECTS OF CONSECUTIVE TURNOVER OF GREEN MANURE AND N FERTILIZER ON SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS AND ENZYME ACTIVITY IN TOBACCO-PLANTED FIELD. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 47(3): 185-191. doi: .

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of consecutive turnover of green manure (ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)) on soil microbial biomass C and N and enzyme activities. The results showed that the incorporation of green manure in tobacco-planted fields generally significantly enhanced enzyme activities (soil para nitrophenol (PNP), urease, catalase, and sucrase) and soil microbial biomass contents. The extent of enhancement increased with the increase in consecutive turnover. The C and N contents in microbial biomass were significantly lower in conventionally cultivated soil than in soils from the green manure-incorporated field. This finding indicated that incorporation of green manure could stimulate the activity of soil microorganisms. The average improvement gained from the T3 treatment (three-year consecutive cultivation of green manure since the harvest of tobacco) relative to the T0 treatment (conventional cultivation without any green manure) over the whole growth period of tobacco was 1.34 to 1.52 times for urease activity, 1.11 to 1.19 times for PNP activity, 1.58 to 1.17 times for sucrase activity, and 1.24 to 1.50 times for catalase activity. Overall, the activities of soil enzymes correlated well with the soil microbial biomass C and N. This study provides guidance on the measurement of green manure to manage the activation of soil microbial biomass and improve the quality of tobacco-planted soil.

REFERENCES

  1. Arakeri, J. R., Chalam G. V. and Satyaranayana P., et al. (1962). Soil management in India [M]. Asia Publishing House.
  2. Araujo A. S., and Monteiro R. T., (2006). Microbial biomass and activity in a brazilian soil amended with untreated and composted textile sludge . Chemosphere, 64(6): 1043-1046.
  3. Blair G. J., and Lefroy R. D. B., (1995). Soil C fractions based on their degree of oxidation and the development of a C management index for agricultural systems [J]. Aust. J. Agri. Res, 46: 1459-1466.
  4. Bolton H., Elliott L. F., and Papendick R. I., et al. (1985). Soil microbial biomass and selected soil enzyme activities: Effect of fertilization and cropping practices[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 17(3): 297–302.
  5. Bradley L, and Fyles J. W., (1944). A kinetic parameter describing soil available carbon and its relationship to rate increase in C mineralization Soil Biol. Biochem., 22: 167–172.
  6. Brookes, P.C., Landman A., and Pruden G. et al. (1985). Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 17: 837-842.
  7. Burns R. G. (1978). History of abiotic soil enzyme research Soil Enzymes :Burns R. G. (Ed).Academic Press London, 1-33.
  8. Cao Zh. P., Ch. Hu and Zh. N. Ye, et al. (2006). Impact of soil fertility maintaining practice on microbial biomass carbon in high production agro-ecosystem in northern China [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 26(5):1472-1478. Chinese.
  9. Dick R. P., Breakwell D. P. and Turco R. F., (1996). Soil enzyme activities and biodiversity measurements as integrative microbiological indicators. In: Methods for Assessing Soil Quality.Doran J.W., Jones A.J. (eds.), SSSA Special Publication Number 49, Madison, pp.247-272.
  10. Eivazi F., and Tabatabai M. A., (1977). Phosphatases in soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 9, 167.
  11. Eriksen, J. (2005). Gross sulphur mineralization-immobilization turnover in soil amended with plant residues. Soil Biol. Biochem., 37: 2216-2224.
  12. Gajda, A., and Martyniuk S., (2005). Microbial biomass C and N and activity of enzymes in soil under winter wheat grown in different crop management systems. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 14 (2), 159-163.
  13. Guan S. Y. (1986). Soil enzyme and Its Study Method Agricultural Press. Chinese Beijing.
  14. Guillermina E, and Kenneth M. M., (2007). Competitive Hydrolytic and Elimination Mechanisms in the Urease Catalyzed Decomposition of Urea. J. Phys. Chem. B., 111 (34): 10263–10274.
  15. Han F. G. Song P. F., and Dong X. ZH., et al. (2010). Ecological effects of different soil types on soil rhizosphere microbes in yanbian area. Soils, 42(1):33-38. Chinese
  16. Lalljee, B. and Costa V. P. D’, (1995). Effect of green manures on soil fertility. Proceedings of the third Africa Soil Science Society Conference held at Ibadan, Nigeria, 28, 441-449.
  17. Li H. T., Luo J. X. and Peng, D. Y., et al. (2013). Effect of ploughed-back green manures on soil physical properties and its corresponding ecological benefit. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 29(5):172-175. Chinese
  18. Li Zh., G. Sh. Liu, H. X. Jiang, et al. (2011). Effects of green manure application on the microbial biomass C and N contents and of the enzyme activity of tobacco-plating soil. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 20(3):225-232. Chinese
  19. Liu G. Sh., Zh. B. Luo, and Y. Wang, et al. (2006). Effect of green manure application on soil properties and soil microbial biomass in tobacco field. Jouranl of Soil Water Conservation, 20(1): 95-98. Chinese
  20. Liu G. Sh., Zh. Li and H. X. Jing, (2010). Effects of consecutive turnover of green manures on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 16(6): 1472-1478. Chinese
  21. Ma D. Y., T. C. Guo and X. Song, et al. (2007). Effect of urea application rate on the quantity of microorganisms and activity of enzymes in wheat rhizosphere. Acta Ecological Sinica, I.I27(12):5222-5228. Chinese
  22. Mijangos I., Perez R., Albizu I., et al. (2006). Effects of fertilization and tillage soil biological parameters [J]. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 40:100-106.
  23. Patterson B. D., Macrae E. A., I. B. Ferguson, (1984). Ferguson. Estimation of hydrogen peroxidein plant extracts using titanium (IV) [J]. Anal Biochem, 134:487-492
  24. Schnure J and Rosswall T., (1987). Mineralization of nitrogen from 15N labeled fungi, soil microbial biomass and roots and its uptake by barely plant [J]. Plant Soil, 102: 71–78
  25. Shah, Z., S. Rashid Ahmad and H. Rahman, (2010). Soil microbial biomass and activities as influenced by green manure legumes and N fertilizer in rice-wheat system. Pak. J. Bot., 42(4): 2589-2598.
  26. Si G. H., W. H. Wu, D. H. Mei, et al. (2011). Effect of different burying amount of vicia villosa on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Chinese Tobacco Science, 32(1):82-86. Chinese
  27. Shi Y., Y. Ji and P. Ch. Jiang, et al. (2002). Studies on effects of green manure on quality of flue-cured tobacco transplanted in summer[J]. Chinese Tobacco Science, 23(3):5-7. Chinese
  28. Smith, M.S., W. W. Frye and J. J. Varco, (1987). Legume winter cover crops. Adv. Soil Sci., 7: 95-139.
  29. Song R., Ch. Sh. Wu, J. M. Mou, et al. (2002). Effects of maize stubble remaining in field on dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and soil enzymes activities[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 13(3):303-306. Chinese
  30. Sumner, J. B. and S. F. Howell, (1935). A method for determination of saccharase activity[J]. J. Biol Chem., 108, 51–54.
  31. Tejada, M., J. L. Gonzalez, and A. M. García-Martínez, et al. (2008). Application of a green manure and green manure composted with beet vinasse on soil restoration: Eûects on soil properties. Bioresource Technology, 99(11): 4949-4957.
  32. Thind H. S., and Rowell D. L., (2000). Transformations of nitrogen-15-labelled urea in a flooded soil as affected by floodwater algae and green manure in a growth chamber[J]. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 31(1): 53-59.
  33. Vance E. D. 1987. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C[J]. Soil Biol. Biochem., 19(6): 703– 707.
  34. Wang J. H., J. Sh. Liu and J. B. Yu, (2004). Effect of fertilizing N and P on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen sof black soil corn agroecosystem[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 18(1):35-38. Chinese
  35. Xian L., Liu G. D., and Xuan H. F. , et al. (2011). Effects of application of the leguminous green manures on phosphorus content in latosol soil [J]. Pratacultural Science, 28(10): 1781-1786. Chinese.
  36. Xu H. Q., Zhang J. E., Feng L. F., et al. 2009. Effect of different land use patterns on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in Guangdong province[J]. Acta Ecologica. Sinica, 29(8):4112-4118. Chinese.
  37. Xu X. Y., Meng G. X, and Yuan J. F. , et al. (2011). Effects of burying green manure on labile organic matter and enzyme activity in tobacco growing soils[J]. Chinese tobacco science, 10(32): 103-107. Chinese.
  38. Yadvinder-Singh, Bijay-Singh and Timsina J., (2005). Crop residue man agement for nutrient cycling and improving soil productivity in rice-based cropping systems in the tropics [J]. AdV. Agron, 85:269-407.
  39. Yang J., Shen Y. Y., and Zh. B. Nan, et al. (2010). Effect of conservation tillage on crop yield and carbon pool management index on top soil within a maize-wheat rotation system in the Loess Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Ssinca, 19(1):75-82. Chinese
  40. Yang Q. H., and Han J. F. (2005). Effects of mulching on soil microorganisms and enzyme activities in cotton field[J]. Acta Pedologica sinica, 42(2): 348-351. Chinese
  41. Yu W. T., Z. Sh. Jiang and H. Zhou, et al. (2008). Effects of different land use patterns on soil microbial biomass carbon and its turnover rate in an aquic soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 27(8): 1302-1306. Chinese
  42. Zahir Shah, Rashid Shmad S., and Rahman Hidayat Ur , (2010). Soil microbial biomass and activities as influenced by green manure legumes and N fertilizer in rice-wheat system[J]. Pak. J. Bot., 42(4): 2589-2598.
  43. Zhang B. Y., Chen T. L., and Wang B. (2010). Effects of long-term uses of chemical fertilizers on soil quality[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 26(11):182-187. Chinese
  44. Zhang C. E, and Y. L and Liang, (2001). Effect of different amounts of nitrogen phosphorus fertilizers applied on soil microbial biomass during corn growth periods [J]. Chin. J. Eco–Agric., 9(2): 72–74. Chinese
  45. Zhang W. P., W. R. Zhen, and K. J. Huang, et al. (2010). Effects of ryegrass manure application on soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in tobacco field[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 26(6):185-188. Chinese
  46. Zhang Y. J., Liu G. S. and Ye X. F. , et al. (2010). Changes of soil enzyme activities and microorganism amounts at different growing stages of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Soils, 42(1):39-44. Chinese
  47. Zhao Y. Y., Cai L. Q., and Wang J., et al. (2009). Effects of different conservation tillage on amount and distribution of soil ammonifying bacteria, nitrobacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria[J]. Acta Prataculturae Ssinca, 18(4):125-130. ChineseArakeri, J. R., Chalam G. V. and Satyaranayana P., et al. (1962). Soil management in India [M]. Asia Publishing House.
  48. Araujo A. S., and Monteiro R. T., (2006). Microbial biomass and activity in a brazilian soil amended with untreated and composted textile sludge . Chemosphere, 64(6): 1043-1046.
  49. Blair G. J., and Lefroy R. D. B., (1995). Soil C fractions based on their degree of oxidation and the development of a C management index for agricultural systems [J]. Aust. J. Agri. Res, 46: 1459-1466.
  50. Bolton H., Elliott L. F., and Papendick R. I., et al. (1985). Soil microbial biomass and selected soil enzyme activities: Effect of fertilization and cropping practices[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 17(3): 297–302.
  51. Bradley L, and Fyles J. W., (1944). A kinetic parameter describing soil available carbon and its relationship to rate increase in C mineralization Soil Biol. Biochem., 22: 167–172.
  52. Brookes, P.C., Landman A., and Pruden G. et al. (1985). Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 17: 837-842.
  53. Burns R. G. (1978). History of abiotic soil enzyme research Soil Enzymes :Burns R. G. (Ed).Academic Press London, 1-33.
  54. Cao Zh. P., Ch. Hu and Zh. N. Ye, et al. (2006). Impact of soil fertility maintaining practice on microbial biomass carbon in high production agro-ecosystem in northern China [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 26(5):1472-1478. Chinese.
  55. Dick R. P., Breakwell D. P. and Turco R. F., (1996). Soil enzyme activities and biodiversity measurements as integrative microbiological indicators. In: Methods for Assessing Soil Quality.Doran J.W., Jones A.J. (eds.), SSSA Special Publication Number 49, Madison, pp.247-272.
  56. Eivazi F., and Tabatabai M. A., (1977). Phosphatases in soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 9, 167.
  57. Eriksen, J. (2005). Gross sulphur mineralization-immobilization turnover in soil amended with plant residues. Soil Biol. Biochem., 37: 2216-2224.
  58. Gajda, A., and Martyniuk S., (2005). Microbial biomass C and N and activity of enzymes in soil under winter wheat grown in different crop management systems. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 14 (2), 159-163.
  59. Guan S. Y. (1986). Soil enzyme and Its Study Method Agricultural Press. Chinese Beijing.
  60. Guillermina E, and Kenneth M. M., (2007). Competitive Hydrolytic and Elimination Mechanisms in the Urease Catalyzed Decomposition of Urea. J. Phys. Chem. B., 111 (34): 10263–10274.
  61. Han F. G. Song P. F., and Dong X. ZH., et al. (2010). Ecological effects of different soil types on soil rhizosphere microbes in yanbian area. Soils, 42(1):33-38. Chinese
  62. Lalljee, B. and Costa V. P. D’, (1995). Effect of green manures on soil fertility. Proceedings of the third Africa Soil Science Society Conference held at Ibadan, Nigeria, 28, 441-449.
  63. Li H. T., Luo J. X. and Peng, D. Y., et al. (2013). Effect of ploughed-back green manures on soil physical properties and its corresponding ecological benefit. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 29(5):172-175. Chinese
  64. Li Zh., G. Sh. Liu, H. X. Jiang, et al. (2011). Effects of green manure application on the microbial biomass C and N contents and of the enzyme activity of tobacco-plating soil. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 20(3):225-232. Chinese
  65. Liu G. Sh., Zh. B. Luo, and Y. Wang, et al. (2006). Effect of green manure application on soil properties and soil microbial biomass in tobacco field. Jouranl of Soil Water Conservation, 20(1): 95-98. Chinese
  66. Liu G. Sh., Zh. Li and H. X. Jing, (2010). Effects of consecutive turnover of green manures on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 16(6): 1472-1478. Chinese
  67. Ma D. Y., T. C. Guo and X. Song, et al. (2007). Effect of urea application rate on the quantity of microorganisms and activity of enzymes in wheat rhizosphere. Acta Ecological Sinica, I.I27(12):5222-5228. Chinese
  68. Mijangos I., Perez R., Albizu I., et al. (2006). Effects of fertilization and tillage soil biological parameters [J]. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 40:100-106.
  69. Patterson B. D., Macrae E. A., I. B. Ferguson, (1984). Ferguson. Estimation of hydrogen peroxidein plant extracts using titanium (IV) [J]. Anal Biochem, 134:487-492
  70. Schnure J and Rosswall T., (1987). Mineralization of nitrogen from 15N labeled fungi, soil microbial biomass and roots and its uptake by barely plant [J]. Plant Soil, 102: 71–78
  71. Shah, Z., S. Rashid Ahmad and H. Rahman, (2010). Soil microbial biomass and activities as influenced by green manure legumes and N fertilizer in rice-wheat system. Pak. J. Bot., 42(4): 2589-2598.
  72. Si G. H., W. H. Wu, D. H. Mei, et al. (2011). Effect of different burying amount of vicia villosa on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Chinese Tobacco Science, 32(1):82-86. Chinese
  73. Shi Y., Y. Ji and P. Ch. Jiang, et al. (2002). Studies on effects of green manure on quality of flue-cured tobacco transplanted in summer[J]. Chinese Tobacco Science, 23(3):5-7. Chinese
  74. Smith, M.S., W. W. Frye and J. J. Varco, (1987). Legume winter cover crops. Adv. Soil Sci., 7: 95-139.
  75. Song R., Ch. Sh. Wu, J. M. Mou, et al. (2002). Effects of maize stubble remaining in field on dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and soil enzymes activities[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 13(3):303-306. Chinese
  76. Sumner, J. B. and S. F. Howell, (1935). A method for determination of saccharase activity[J]. J. Biol Chem., 108, 51–54.
  77. Tejada, M., J. L. Gonzalez, and A. M. García-Martínez, et al. (2008). Application of a green manure and green manure composted with beet vinasse on soil restoration: Eûects on soil properties. Bioresource Technology, 99(11): 4949-4957.
  78. Thind H. S., and Rowell D. L., (2000). Transformations of nitrogen-15-labelled urea in a flooded soil as affected by floodwater algae and green manure in a growth chamber[J]. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 31(1): 53-59.
  79. Vance E. D. 1987. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C[J]. Soil Biol. Biochem., 19(6): 703– 707.
  80. Wang J. H., J. Sh. Liu and J. B. Yu, (2004). Effect of fertilizing N and P on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen sof black soil corn agroecosystem[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 18(1):35-38. Chinese
  81. Xian L., Liu G. D., and Xuan H. F. , et al. (2011). Effects of application of the leguminous green manures on phosphorus content in latosol soil [J]. Pratacultural Science, 28(10): 1781-1786. Chinese.
  82. Xu H. Q., Zhang J. E., Feng L. F., et al. 2009. Effect of different land use patterns on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in Guangdong province[J]. Acta Ecologica. Sinica, 29(8):4112-4118. Chinese.
  83. Xu X. Y., Meng G. X, and Yuan J. F. , et al. (2011). Effects of burying green manure on labile organic matter and enzyme activity in tobacco growing soils[J]. Chinese tobacco science, 10(32): 103-107. Chinese.
  84. Yadvinder-Singh, Bijay-Singh and Timsina J., (2005). Crop residue man agement for nutrient cycling and improving soil productivity in rice-based cropping systems in the tropics [J]. AdV. Agron, 85:269-407.
  85. Yang J., Shen Y. Y., and Zh. B. Nan, et al. (2010). Effect of conservation tillage on crop yield and carbon pool management index on top soil within a maize-wheat rotation system in the Loess Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Ssinca, 19(1):75-82. Chinese
  86. Yang Q. H., and Han J. F. (2005). Effects of mulching on soil microorganisms and enzyme activities in cotton field[J]. Acta Pedologica sinica, 42(2): 348-351. Chinese
  87. Yu W. T., Z. Sh. Jiang and H. Zhou, et al. (2008). Effects of different land use patterns on soil microbial biomass carbon and its turnover rate in an aquic soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 27(8): 1302-1306. Chinese
  88. Zahir Shah, Rashid Shmad S., and Rahman Hidayat Ur , (2010). Soil microbial biomass and activities as influenced by green manure legumes and N fertilizer in rice-wheat system[J]. Pak. J. Bot., 42(4): 2589-2598.
  89. Zhang B. Y., Chen T. L., and Wang B. (2010). Effects of long-term uses of chemical fertilizers on soil quality[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 26(11):182-187. Chinese
  90. Zhang C. E, and Y. L and Liang, (2001). Effect of different amounts of nitrogen phosphorus fertilizers applied on soil microbial biomass during corn growth periods [J]. Chin. J. Eco–Agric., 9(2): 72–74. Chinese
  91. Zhang W. P., W. R. Zhen, and K. J. Huang, et al. (2010). Effects of ryegrass manure application on soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in tobacco field[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 26(6):185-188. Chinese
  92. Zhang Y. J., Liu G. S. and Ye X. F. , et al. (2010). Changes of soil enzyme activities and microorganism amounts at different growing stages of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Soils, 42(1):39-44. Chinese
  93. Zhao Y. Y., Cai L. Q., and Wang J., et al. (2009). Effects of different conservation tillage on amount and distribution of soil ammonifying bacteria, nitrobacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria[J]. Acta Prataculturae Ssinca, 18(4):125-130. Chinese
Published In
Indian Journal of Agricultural Research
Article Metrics
Metrics Icon
0
Views
0
Citations
Reviewed By
Share Article
Download Article
In this Article
    Contact us
    Follow us

    volume 47 issue 3 (june 2013) : 185-191

    EFFECTS OF CONSECUTIVE TURNOVER OF GREEN MANURE AND N FERTILIZER ON SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS AND ENZYME ACTIVITY IN TOBACCO-PLANTED FIELD

    J
    Jiang Hou-Long1
    L
    Li Zheng2
    L
    Liu Shu-Duan3
    X
    Xu An-Ding1
    Y
    Yang Chao1
    Z
    Zhang Yan1
    L
    Liu Guo-Shun4
    *
    *
    Y
    Ye Xie- Feng4
    1Tobacco College Agronomy Department of Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Centre, Zhengzhou 450 002, China

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Hou-Long1 Jiang, Zheng2 Li, Shu-Duan3 Liu, An-Ding1 Xu, Chao1 Yang, Yan1 Zhang, Guo-Shun4 Liu, *, Feng4 Xie- Ye (2025). EFFECTS OF CONSECUTIVE TURNOVER OF GREEN MANURE AND N FERTILIZER ON SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS AND ENZYME ACTIVITY IN TOBACCO-PLANTED FIELD. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 47(3): 185-191. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of consecutive turnover of green manure (ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)) on soil microbial biomass C and N and enzyme activities. The results showed that the incorporation of green manure in tobacco-planted fields generally significantly enhanced enzyme activities (soil para nitrophenol (PNP), urease, catalase, and sucrase) and soil microbial biomass contents. The extent of enhancement increased with the increase in consecutive turnover. The C and N contents in microbial biomass were significantly lower in conventionally cultivated soil than in soils from the green manure-incorporated field. This finding indicated that incorporation of green manure could stimulate the activity of soil microorganisms. The average improvement gained from the T3 treatment (three-year consecutive cultivation of green manure since the harvest of tobacco) relative to the T0 treatment (conventional cultivation without any green manure) over the whole growth period of tobacco was 1.34 to 1.52 times for urease activity, 1.11 to 1.19 times for PNP activity, 1.58 to 1.17 times for sucrase activity, and 1.24 to 1.50 times for catalase activity. Overall, the activities of soil enzymes correlated well with the soil microbial biomass C and N. This study provides guidance on the measurement of green manure to manage the activation of soil microbial biomass and improve the quality of tobacco-planted soil.

    REFERENCES

    1. Arakeri, J. R., Chalam G. V. and Satyaranayana P., et al. (1962). Soil management in India [M]. Asia Publishing House.
    2. Araujo A. S., and Monteiro R. T., (2006). Microbial biomass and activity in a brazilian soil amended with untreated and composted textile sludge . Chemosphere, 64(6): 1043-1046.
    3. Blair G. J., and Lefroy R. D. B., (1995). Soil C fractions based on their degree of oxidation and the development of a C management index for agricultural systems [J]. Aust. J. Agri. Res, 46: 1459-1466.
    4. Bolton H., Elliott L. F., and Papendick R. I., et al. (1985). Soil microbial biomass and selected soil enzyme activities: Effect of fertilization and cropping practices[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 17(3): 297–302.
    5. Bradley L, and Fyles J. W., (1944). A kinetic parameter describing soil available carbon and its relationship to rate increase in C mineralization Soil Biol. Biochem., 22: 167–172.
    6. Brookes, P.C., Landman A., and Pruden G. et al. (1985). Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 17: 837-842.
    7. Burns R. G. (1978). History of abiotic soil enzyme research Soil Enzymes :Burns R. G. (Ed).Academic Press London, 1-33.
    8. Cao Zh. P., Ch. Hu and Zh. N. Ye, et al. (2006). Impact of soil fertility maintaining practice on microbial biomass carbon in high production agro-ecosystem in northern China [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 26(5):1472-1478. Chinese.
    9. Dick R. P., Breakwell D. P. and Turco R. F., (1996). Soil enzyme activities and biodiversity measurements as integrative microbiological indicators. In: Methods for Assessing Soil Quality.Doran J.W., Jones A.J. (eds.), SSSA Special Publication Number 49, Madison, pp.247-272.
    10. Eivazi F., and Tabatabai M. A., (1977). Phosphatases in soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 9, 167.
    11. Eriksen, J. (2005). Gross sulphur mineralization-immobilization turnover in soil amended with plant residues. Soil Biol. Biochem., 37: 2216-2224.
    12. Gajda, A., and Martyniuk S., (2005). Microbial biomass C and N and activity of enzymes in soil under winter wheat grown in different crop management systems. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 14 (2), 159-163.
    13. Guan S. Y. (1986). Soil enzyme and Its Study Method Agricultural Press. Chinese Beijing.
    14. Guillermina E, and Kenneth M. M., (2007). Competitive Hydrolytic and Elimination Mechanisms in the Urease Catalyzed Decomposition of Urea. J. Phys. Chem. B., 111 (34): 10263–10274.
    15. Han F. G. Song P. F., and Dong X. ZH., et al. (2010). Ecological effects of different soil types on soil rhizosphere microbes in yanbian area. Soils, 42(1):33-38. Chinese
    16. Lalljee, B. and Costa V. P. D’, (1995). Effect of green manures on soil fertility. Proceedings of the third Africa Soil Science Society Conference held at Ibadan, Nigeria, 28, 441-449.
    17. Li H. T., Luo J. X. and Peng, D. Y., et al. (2013). Effect of ploughed-back green manures on soil physical properties and its corresponding ecological benefit. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 29(5):172-175. Chinese
    18. Li Zh., G. Sh. Liu, H. X. Jiang, et al. (2011). Effects of green manure application on the microbial biomass C and N contents and of the enzyme activity of tobacco-plating soil. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 20(3):225-232. Chinese
    19. Liu G. Sh., Zh. B. Luo, and Y. Wang, et al. (2006). Effect of green manure application on soil properties and soil microbial biomass in tobacco field. Jouranl of Soil Water Conservation, 20(1): 95-98. Chinese
    20. Liu G. Sh., Zh. Li and H. X. Jing, (2010). Effects of consecutive turnover of green manures on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 16(6): 1472-1478. Chinese
    21. Ma D. Y., T. C. Guo and X. Song, et al. (2007). Effect of urea application rate on the quantity of microorganisms and activity of enzymes in wheat rhizosphere. Acta Ecological Sinica, I.I27(12):5222-5228. Chinese
    22. Mijangos I., Perez R., Albizu I., et al. (2006). Effects of fertilization and tillage soil biological parameters [J]. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 40:100-106.
    23. Patterson B. D., Macrae E. A., I. B. Ferguson, (1984). Ferguson. Estimation of hydrogen peroxidein plant extracts using titanium (IV) [J]. Anal Biochem, 134:487-492
    24. Schnure J and Rosswall T., (1987). Mineralization of nitrogen from 15N labeled fungi, soil microbial biomass and roots and its uptake by barely plant [J]. Plant Soil, 102: 71–78
    25. Shah, Z., S. Rashid Ahmad and H. Rahman, (2010). Soil microbial biomass and activities as influenced by green manure legumes and N fertilizer in rice-wheat system. Pak. J. Bot., 42(4): 2589-2598.
    26. Si G. H., W. H. Wu, D. H. Mei, et al. (2011). Effect of different burying amount of vicia villosa on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Chinese Tobacco Science, 32(1):82-86. Chinese
    27. Shi Y., Y. Ji and P. Ch. Jiang, et al. (2002). Studies on effects of green manure on quality of flue-cured tobacco transplanted in summer[J]. Chinese Tobacco Science, 23(3):5-7. Chinese
    28. Smith, M.S., W. W. Frye and J. J. Varco, (1987). Legume winter cover crops. Adv. Soil Sci., 7: 95-139.
    29. Song R., Ch. Sh. Wu, J. M. Mou, et al. (2002). Effects of maize stubble remaining in field on dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and soil enzymes activities[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 13(3):303-306. Chinese
    30. Sumner, J. B. and S. F. Howell, (1935). A method for determination of saccharase activity[J]. J. Biol Chem., 108, 51–54.
    31. Tejada, M., J. L. Gonzalez, and A. M. García-Martínez, et al. (2008). Application of a green manure and green manure composted with beet vinasse on soil restoration: Eûects on soil properties. Bioresource Technology, 99(11): 4949-4957.
    32. Thind H. S., and Rowell D. L., (2000). Transformations of nitrogen-15-labelled urea in a flooded soil as affected by floodwater algae and green manure in a growth chamber[J]. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 31(1): 53-59.
    33. Vance E. D. 1987. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C[J]. Soil Biol. Biochem., 19(6): 703– 707.
    34. Wang J. H., J. Sh. Liu and J. B. Yu, (2004). Effect of fertilizing N and P on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen sof black soil corn agroecosystem[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 18(1):35-38. Chinese
    35. Xian L., Liu G. D., and Xuan H. F. , et al. (2011). Effects of application of the leguminous green manures on phosphorus content in latosol soil [J]. Pratacultural Science, 28(10): 1781-1786. Chinese.
    36. Xu H. Q., Zhang J. E., Feng L. F., et al. 2009. Effect of different land use patterns on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in Guangdong province[J]. Acta Ecologica. Sinica, 29(8):4112-4118. Chinese.
    37. Xu X. Y., Meng G. X, and Yuan J. F. , et al. (2011). Effects of burying green manure on labile organic matter and enzyme activity in tobacco growing soils[J]. Chinese tobacco science, 10(32): 103-107. Chinese.
    38. Yadvinder-Singh, Bijay-Singh and Timsina J., (2005). Crop residue man agement for nutrient cycling and improving soil productivity in rice-based cropping systems in the tropics [J]. AdV. Agron, 85:269-407.
    39. Yang J., Shen Y. Y., and Zh. B. Nan, et al. (2010). Effect of conservation tillage on crop yield and carbon pool management index on top soil within a maize-wheat rotation system in the Loess Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Ssinca, 19(1):75-82. Chinese
    40. Yang Q. H., and Han J. F. (2005). Effects of mulching on soil microorganisms and enzyme activities in cotton field[J]. Acta Pedologica sinica, 42(2): 348-351. Chinese
    41. Yu W. T., Z. Sh. Jiang and H. Zhou, et al. (2008). Effects of different land use patterns on soil microbial biomass carbon and its turnover rate in an aquic soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 27(8): 1302-1306. Chinese
    42. Zahir Shah, Rashid Shmad S., and Rahman Hidayat Ur , (2010). Soil microbial biomass and activities as influenced by green manure legumes and N fertilizer in rice-wheat system[J]. Pak. J. Bot., 42(4): 2589-2598.
    43. Zhang B. Y., Chen T. L., and Wang B. (2010). Effects of long-term uses of chemical fertilizers on soil quality[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 26(11):182-187. Chinese
    44. Zhang C. E, and Y. L and Liang, (2001). Effect of different amounts of nitrogen phosphorus fertilizers applied on soil microbial biomass during corn growth periods [J]. Chin. J. Eco–Agric., 9(2): 72–74. Chinese
    45. Zhang W. P., W. R. Zhen, and K. J. Huang, et al. (2010). Effects of ryegrass manure application on soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in tobacco field[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 26(6):185-188. Chinese
    46. Zhang Y. J., Liu G. S. and Ye X. F. , et al. (2010). Changes of soil enzyme activities and microorganism amounts at different growing stages of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Soils, 42(1):39-44. Chinese
    47. Zhao Y. Y., Cai L. Q., and Wang J., et al. (2009). Effects of different conservation tillage on amount and distribution of soil ammonifying bacteria, nitrobacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria[J]. Acta Prataculturae Ssinca, 18(4):125-130. ChineseArakeri, J. R., Chalam G. V. and Satyaranayana P., et al. (1962). Soil management in India [M]. Asia Publishing House.
    48. Araujo A. S., and Monteiro R. T., (2006). Microbial biomass and activity in a brazilian soil amended with untreated and composted textile sludge . Chemosphere, 64(6): 1043-1046.
    49. Blair G. J., and Lefroy R. D. B., (1995). Soil C fractions based on their degree of oxidation and the development of a C management index for agricultural systems [J]. Aust. J. Agri. Res, 46: 1459-1466.
    50. Bolton H., Elliott L. F., and Papendick R. I., et al. (1985). Soil microbial biomass and selected soil enzyme activities: Effect of fertilization and cropping practices[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 17(3): 297–302.
    51. Bradley L, and Fyles J. W., (1944). A kinetic parameter describing soil available carbon and its relationship to rate increase in C mineralization Soil Biol. Biochem., 22: 167–172.
    52. Brookes, P.C., Landman A., and Pruden G. et al. (1985). Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 17: 837-842.
    53. Burns R. G. (1978). History of abiotic soil enzyme research Soil Enzymes :Burns R. G. (Ed).Academic Press London, 1-33.
    54. Cao Zh. P., Ch. Hu and Zh. N. Ye, et al. (2006). Impact of soil fertility maintaining practice on microbial biomass carbon in high production agro-ecosystem in northern China [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 26(5):1472-1478. Chinese.
    55. Dick R. P., Breakwell D. P. and Turco R. F., (1996). Soil enzyme activities and biodiversity measurements as integrative microbiological indicators. In: Methods for Assessing Soil Quality.Doran J.W., Jones A.J. (eds.), SSSA Special Publication Number 49, Madison, pp.247-272.
    56. Eivazi F., and Tabatabai M. A., (1977). Phosphatases in soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 9, 167.
    57. Eriksen, J. (2005). Gross sulphur mineralization-immobilization turnover in soil amended with plant residues. Soil Biol. Biochem., 37: 2216-2224.
    58. Gajda, A., and Martyniuk S., (2005). Microbial biomass C and N and activity of enzymes in soil under winter wheat grown in different crop management systems. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 14 (2), 159-163.
    59. Guan S. Y. (1986). Soil enzyme and Its Study Method Agricultural Press. Chinese Beijing.
    60. Guillermina E, and Kenneth M. M., (2007). Competitive Hydrolytic and Elimination Mechanisms in the Urease Catalyzed Decomposition of Urea. J. Phys. Chem. B., 111 (34): 10263–10274.
    61. Han F. G. Song P. F., and Dong X. ZH., et al. (2010). Ecological effects of different soil types on soil rhizosphere microbes in yanbian area. Soils, 42(1):33-38. Chinese
    62. Lalljee, B. and Costa V. P. D’, (1995). Effect of green manures on soil fertility. Proceedings of the third Africa Soil Science Society Conference held at Ibadan, Nigeria, 28, 441-449.
    63. Li H. T., Luo J. X. and Peng, D. Y., et al. (2013). Effect of ploughed-back green manures on soil physical properties and its corresponding ecological benefit. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 29(5):172-175. Chinese
    64. Li Zh., G. Sh. Liu, H. X. Jiang, et al. (2011). Effects of green manure application on the microbial biomass C and N contents and of the enzyme activity of tobacco-plating soil. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 20(3):225-232. Chinese
    65. Liu G. Sh., Zh. B. Luo, and Y. Wang, et al. (2006). Effect of green manure application on soil properties and soil microbial biomass in tobacco field. Jouranl of Soil Water Conservation, 20(1): 95-98. Chinese
    66. Liu G. Sh., Zh. Li and H. X. Jing, (2010). Effects of consecutive turnover of green manures on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 16(6): 1472-1478. Chinese
    67. Ma D. Y., T. C. Guo and X. Song, et al. (2007). Effect of urea application rate on the quantity of microorganisms and activity of enzymes in wheat rhizosphere. Acta Ecological Sinica, I.I27(12):5222-5228. Chinese
    68. Mijangos I., Perez R., Albizu I., et al. (2006). Effects of fertilization and tillage soil biological parameters [J]. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 40:100-106.
    69. Patterson B. D., Macrae E. A., I. B. Ferguson, (1984). Ferguson. Estimation of hydrogen peroxidein plant extracts using titanium (IV) [J]. Anal Biochem, 134:487-492
    70. Schnure J and Rosswall T., (1987). Mineralization of nitrogen from 15N labeled fungi, soil microbial biomass and roots and its uptake by barely plant [J]. Plant Soil, 102: 71–78
    71. Shah, Z., S. Rashid Ahmad and H. Rahman, (2010). Soil microbial biomass and activities as influenced by green manure legumes and N fertilizer in rice-wheat system. Pak. J. Bot., 42(4): 2589-2598.
    72. Si G. H., W. H. Wu, D. H. Mei, et al. (2011). Effect of different burying amount of vicia villosa on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Chinese Tobacco Science, 32(1):82-86. Chinese
    73. Shi Y., Y. Ji and P. Ch. Jiang, et al. (2002). Studies on effects of green manure on quality of flue-cured tobacco transplanted in summer[J]. Chinese Tobacco Science, 23(3):5-7. Chinese
    74. Smith, M.S., W. W. Frye and J. J. Varco, (1987). Legume winter cover crops. Adv. Soil Sci., 7: 95-139.
    75. Song R., Ch. Sh. Wu, J. M. Mou, et al. (2002). Effects of maize stubble remaining in field on dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and soil enzymes activities[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 13(3):303-306. Chinese
    76. Sumner, J. B. and S. F. Howell, (1935). A method for determination of saccharase activity[J]. J. Biol Chem., 108, 51–54.
    77. Tejada, M., J. L. Gonzalez, and A. M. García-Martínez, et al. (2008). Application of a green manure and green manure composted with beet vinasse on soil restoration: Eûects on soil properties. Bioresource Technology, 99(11): 4949-4957.
    78. Thind H. S., and Rowell D. L., (2000). Transformations of nitrogen-15-labelled urea in a flooded soil as affected by floodwater algae and green manure in a growth chamber[J]. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 31(1): 53-59.
    79. Vance E. D. 1987. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C[J]. Soil Biol. Biochem., 19(6): 703– 707.
    80. Wang J. H., J. Sh. Liu and J. B. Yu, (2004). Effect of fertilizing N and P on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen sof black soil corn agroecosystem[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 18(1):35-38. Chinese
    81. Xian L., Liu G. D., and Xuan H. F. , et al. (2011). Effects of application of the leguminous green manures on phosphorus content in latosol soil [J]. Pratacultural Science, 28(10): 1781-1786. Chinese.
    82. Xu H. Q., Zhang J. E., Feng L. F., et al. 2009. Effect of different land use patterns on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in Guangdong province[J]. Acta Ecologica. Sinica, 29(8):4112-4118. Chinese.
    83. Xu X. Y., Meng G. X, and Yuan J. F. , et al. (2011). Effects of burying green manure on labile organic matter and enzyme activity in tobacco growing soils[J]. Chinese tobacco science, 10(32): 103-107. Chinese.
    84. Yadvinder-Singh, Bijay-Singh and Timsina J., (2005). Crop residue man agement for nutrient cycling and improving soil productivity in rice-based cropping systems in the tropics [J]. AdV. Agron, 85:269-407.
    85. Yang J., Shen Y. Y., and Zh. B. Nan, et al. (2010). Effect of conservation tillage on crop yield and carbon pool management index on top soil within a maize-wheat rotation system in the Loess Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Ssinca, 19(1):75-82. Chinese
    86. Yang Q. H., and Han J. F. (2005). Effects of mulching on soil microorganisms and enzyme activities in cotton field[J]. Acta Pedologica sinica, 42(2): 348-351. Chinese
    87. Yu W. T., Z. Sh. Jiang and H. Zhou, et al. (2008). Effects of different land use patterns on soil microbial biomass carbon and its turnover rate in an aquic soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 27(8): 1302-1306. Chinese
    88. Zahir Shah, Rashid Shmad S., and Rahman Hidayat Ur , (2010). Soil microbial biomass and activities as influenced by green manure legumes and N fertilizer in rice-wheat system[J]. Pak. J. Bot., 42(4): 2589-2598.
    89. Zhang B. Y., Chen T. L., and Wang B. (2010). Effects of long-term uses of chemical fertilizers on soil quality[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 26(11):182-187. Chinese
    90. Zhang C. E, and Y. L and Liang, (2001). Effect of different amounts of nitrogen phosphorus fertilizers applied on soil microbial biomass during corn growth periods [J]. Chin. J. Eco–Agric., 9(2): 72–74. Chinese
    91. Zhang W. P., W. R. Zhen, and K. J. Huang, et al. (2010). Effects of ryegrass manure application on soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in tobacco field[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 26(6):185-188. Chinese
    92. Zhang Y. J., Liu G. S. and Ye X. F. , et al. (2010). Changes of soil enzyme activities and microorganism amounts at different growing stages of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Soils, 42(1):39-44. Chinese
    93. Zhao Y. Y., Cai L. Q., and Wang J., et al. (2009). Effects of different conservation tillage on amount and distribution of soil ammonifying bacteria, nitrobacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria[J]. Acta Prataculturae Ssinca, 18(4):125-130. Chinese
    In this Article
      Contact us
      Follow us
      Published In
      Indian Journal of Agricultural Research

      Editorial Board

      View all (0)