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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 47 issue 2 (april 2013) : 130-136

EFFECT OF STRAW MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES AND HERBICIDES ON SOIL MICROBES IN WHEAT IN RICE- WHEAT SYSTEM

M
Mandeep Kaur Saini*
R
R.P. Phutela
U
U.S. Walia
1Department of Agronomy Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Saini* Kaur Mandeep, Phutela R.P., Walia U.S. (2025). EFFECT OF STRAW MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES AND HERBICIDES ON SOIL MICROBES IN WHEAT IN RICE- WHEAT SYSTEM. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 47(2): 130-136. doi: .

ABSTRACT

The effect of herbicides on microbial population of soil as influenced by straw management techniques in wheat was studied in rice-wheat system in IGP at Ludhiana. The experiment was laidout in strip plot design with straw management techniques of wheat in horizontal plots and herbicides in vertical plots. The different straw management techniques were zero till sowing with Happy Seeder (combine harvested), zero till sowing in standing stubbles (loose straw removed), Zero till sowing (complete burning of rice straw), bed sowing (Rice straw removed), conventional tillage (partial burning of rice straw). The weed control treatments were sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha, mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron 12 g/ha and pinoxaden 50 g/ha and unsprayed (control). Microbial counts were recorded in the soil samples taken at 0, 15, 30 and 60 days after spray. The highest population of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi was observed under zero till sowing with Happy Seeder which was statistically at par with zero till sowing in standing stubbles followed by bed planting and significantly higher than zero till sowing after burning and conventional tillage after partial burning under all observational period. Similarly, the highest microbial population was observed in control plots as compared to those in herbicidal treatments. There was decrease in viable counts of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi at 15 days after spray as compared to that at zero day after spray. Thereafter, the microbial population started to regain and an increase was observed in counts, indicating reduced toxicity, probably due to degradation of herbicidal chemicals.

REFERENCES

  1. Anonymous (1981). In: DIFCO Manual of Dehydrated Culture Media and Reagents. 10th edn. DIFCO Laboratories, Detroit, Michigan State, USA.
  2. Collins, H.P., Rasmussen, P. E. and Dougles, C. L. (1991). Crop rotation and residue management effects on soil carbon and microbial dynamics. Soil Sci. Soc. America J. 56 : 783-788.
  3. Franzluebbers, A.J. , Hons, F.M. and Zuberer, D.A. (1994). Seasonal changes in soil microbial biomass and mineralizable C and N in wheat management systems. Soil Biol. Biochem. 26: 1469-1475.
  4. Girvan, M. S., Bullimore, J., Ball, A. S., Pretty, J.N. and Osborn, A.M. (2004). Responses of Active Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Soils under Winter Wheat to Different Fertilizer and Pesticide Regimens. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 2692-2701.
  5. Govaerts, B., Mezzalama, M. ,Unno, Y., Sayre, K.D., Guido, M.L., Vanherck, K., Dendooven, L. and Deckers, J. (2007) Influence of tillage, residue management, and crop rotation on soil microbial biomass and catabolic diversity. Appl. Soil Ecol. 37: 18-30.
  6. Jat, R. S., Nepalia, V. and Chaudhary, P. D. (2003). Influence of herbicide and methods of sowing on weed dynamics in wheat (Triticum aestivum) Indian J. Weed Sci. 35: 18-20.
  7. Kaur, T. (2005). Studies on residual effects of sulfonylurea herbicide applied to wheat on the succeeding kharif crops. Ph.D Dissertation, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
  8. Lupwayi, N.Z., Rice, W.A., Clayton, G.W. (1998). Soil microbial diversity and community structure under wheat as influenced by tillage and crop rotation. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30: 1733-1741.
  9. Ponnuswamy, K., Santhi, P., Gopalsamy, G. and Ali, M. A. (1997). Interaction of herbicides with soil microbes in cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz.). Indian J. Weed Sci. 29: 147-150.
  10. Ramesh, A. (2003). Adsorption, degradation and biological interactions of certain herbicides in soil. Second Annual Report, ICAR, New Delhi.
  11. Reddy, K.N, Zablotowicz, R. M., Locke, M. A., and Koger, C. H. (2003). Cover crop, tillage, and herbicide effects on weeds, soil properties, microbial populations, and soybean yield. Weed Sci. 51: 987-994.
  12. Simon-Sylvester, G. and Fourier, J. C. (1979). Effects of pesticides on soil microflora. Adv. Agron. 31: 1- 81.
  13. Sondhia, S. (2008). Herbicide residues in soil, water and food chain: an Indian perspective. Abstracts p 31. ISWS Biennials conference held from Feb 27-28, 2008 at RAU, Pusa, India.
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    volume 47 issue 2 (april 2013) : 130-136

    EFFECT OF STRAW MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES AND HERBICIDES ON SOIL MICROBES IN WHEAT IN RICE- WHEAT SYSTEM

    M
    Mandeep Kaur Saini*
    R
    R.P. Phutela
    U
    U.S. Walia
    1Department of Agronomy Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Saini* Kaur Mandeep, Phutela R.P., Walia U.S. (2025). EFFECT OF STRAW MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES AND HERBICIDES ON SOIL MICROBES IN WHEAT IN RICE- WHEAT SYSTEM. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 47(2): 130-136. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    The effect of herbicides on microbial population of soil as influenced by straw management techniques in wheat was studied in rice-wheat system in IGP at Ludhiana. The experiment was laidout in strip plot design with straw management techniques of wheat in horizontal plots and herbicides in vertical plots. The different straw management techniques were zero till sowing with Happy Seeder (combine harvested), zero till sowing in standing stubbles (loose straw removed), Zero till sowing (complete burning of rice straw), bed sowing (Rice straw removed), conventional tillage (partial burning of rice straw). The weed control treatments were sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha, mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron 12 g/ha and pinoxaden 50 g/ha and unsprayed (control). Microbial counts were recorded in the soil samples taken at 0, 15, 30 and 60 days after spray. The highest population of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi was observed under zero till sowing with Happy Seeder which was statistically at par with zero till sowing in standing stubbles followed by bed planting and significantly higher than zero till sowing after burning and conventional tillage after partial burning under all observational period. Similarly, the highest microbial population was observed in control plots as compared to those in herbicidal treatments. There was decrease in viable counts of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi at 15 days after spray as compared to that at zero day after spray. Thereafter, the microbial population started to regain and an increase was observed in counts, indicating reduced toxicity, probably due to degradation of herbicidal chemicals.

    REFERENCES

    1. Anonymous (1981). In: DIFCO Manual of Dehydrated Culture Media and Reagents. 10th edn. DIFCO Laboratories, Detroit, Michigan State, USA.
    2. Collins, H.P., Rasmussen, P. E. and Dougles, C. L. (1991). Crop rotation and residue management effects on soil carbon and microbial dynamics. Soil Sci. Soc. America J. 56 : 783-788.
    3. Franzluebbers, A.J. , Hons, F.M. and Zuberer, D.A. (1994). Seasonal changes in soil microbial biomass and mineralizable C and N in wheat management systems. Soil Biol. Biochem. 26: 1469-1475.
    4. Girvan, M. S., Bullimore, J., Ball, A. S., Pretty, J.N. and Osborn, A.M. (2004). Responses of Active Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Soils under Winter Wheat to Different Fertilizer and Pesticide Regimens. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 2692-2701.
    5. Govaerts, B., Mezzalama, M. ,Unno, Y., Sayre, K.D., Guido, M.L., Vanherck, K., Dendooven, L. and Deckers, J. (2007) Influence of tillage, residue management, and crop rotation on soil microbial biomass and catabolic diversity. Appl. Soil Ecol. 37: 18-30.
    6. Jat, R. S., Nepalia, V. and Chaudhary, P. D. (2003). Influence of herbicide and methods of sowing on weed dynamics in wheat (Triticum aestivum) Indian J. Weed Sci. 35: 18-20.
    7. Kaur, T. (2005). Studies on residual effects of sulfonylurea herbicide applied to wheat on the succeeding kharif crops. Ph.D Dissertation, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
    8. Lupwayi, N.Z., Rice, W.A., Clayton, G.W. (1998). Soil microbial diversity and community structure under wheat as influenced by tillage and crop rotation. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30: 1733-1741.
    9. Ponnuswamy, K., Santhi, P., Gopalsamy, G. and Ali, M. A. (1997). Interaction of herbicides with soil microbes in cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz.). Indian J. Weed Sci. 29: 147-150.
    10. Ramesh, A. (2003). Adsorption, degradation and biological interactions of certain herbicides in soil. Second Annual Report, ICAR, New Delhi.
    11. Reddy, K.N, Zablotowicz, R. M., Locke, M. A., and Koger, C. H. (2003). Cover crop, tillage, and herbicide effects on weeds, soil properties, microbial populations, and soybean yield. Weed Sci. 51: 987-994.
    12. Simon-Sylvester, G. and Fourier, J. C. (1979). Effects of pesticides on soil microflora. Adv. Agron. 31: 1- 81.
    13. Sondhia, S. (2008). Herbicide residues in soil, water and food chain: an Indian perspective. Abstracts p 31. ISWS Biennials conference held from Feb 27-28, 2008 at RAU, Pusa, India.
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