Indian Journal of Agricultural Research

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Research Article

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, volume 55 issue 6 (december 2021) : 727-732

​Control Activity and Antibiotic Gene Detection of Endophytic Bacteria in Suppressing Cocoa Black Pod Disease (Phytophthora palmivora Butl.)

Rian Arini, Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati, Andi Khaeruni, Teguh Wijayanto, Novita Pramahsari Putri, Tri Joko
1Department of Agricultural Science, Post Graduate Program of Halu Oleo University, Kendari Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Cite article:- Arini Rian, Sutariati Kade Ayu Gusti, Khaeruni Andi, Wijayanto Teguh, Putri Pramahsari Novita, Joko Tri (2021). ​Control Activity and Antibiotic Gene Detection of Endophytic Bacteria in Suppressing Cocoa Black Pod Disease (Phytophthora palmivora Butl.). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 55(6): 727-732. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-659.

ABSTRACT

Background: Black pod rot disease of cocoa caused by (Phytophthora palmivora Butl.) is one of the major diseases on cocoa plantations worldwide. Many attempts have been made to prevent or reduce the infection of pathogens, but they have not provided optimum results. This study aims to detect antibiotic genes in endophytic bacteria that can suppress cocoa black pod disease.
Methods: Eight endophytic bacteria were isolated from healthy cocoa pods and twigs that showed potentials in suppressing P. palmivora growth in vitro were used in suppressing of black pod rot disease in vivo tests. Antibiotic biosynthesis-related genes from eight endophytic bacterial isolates were confirmed by using PCR method, which includes phenazine-1-carboxylic (PCA), pyrrolnitrin (PRN), phenazine-1-carboxamide acid (PCN), pyoluteorin (PLT) and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DPAG/Phl).
Result: The endophytic bacteria, 4RSI, 5BR B3 and 2RW B2 isolates showed the highest disease suppressing index to black pod rot disease in vivo, i.e., 70.27%, 70.08% and 56.64%. The isolates 5BR B3 and 2RW B2 DNA yielded PCR product by using PCA primers (1400 bp), PRN primers (700 bp) and DAPG primers (1600 bp), while the 5RSI isolate yield PCR product using PRN primers only. Endophytic bacterial isolates 5BRB3 and 2RW B2 provided partial disease suppression to pod rot disease by inhibit pathogen growth and antibiotic compounds production.

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