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Research Article

volume 54 issue 5 (october 2020) : 555-562,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5411

“Surface Ultra-Structural Studies on Antennae in Polymorphs of Weaver Ant Oecophylla smaragdina; Fabricius” (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Reference to Sensilla

D
Deepak D. Barsagade
P
Parag P. Masram
D
Dewashree A. Nagarkar
1Department of Zoology, Elphinstone College, 156 M.G. Road, fort, Mumbai-400 032, Maharashtra, India.
Cite article:- Barsagade D. Deepak, Masram P. Parag, Nagarkar A. Dewashree (2020). “Surface Ultra-Structural Studies on Antennae in Polymorphs of Weaver Ant Oecophylla smaragdina; Fabricius” (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Reference to Sensilla. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 54(5): 555-562. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5411.

ABSTRACT

Oecophylla smaragdina is an established biological pest control agent in south-east Asian continent for cash crops like cashew and mango. It is a cosmopolitan species found all over the Asian continent. Being a social hymenopteran insect, Oecophylla smaragdina has a colony comprising of polymorphs. The morphological and ultra-structural investigation of such polymorphs antenna was done with scanning electron microscopy to reveal presence of various chemosensory, thermo-sensory and tactile sensory sensillae on the antennal segments with their specific role in the polymorphs. The role of worker in foraging activity is supported with the presence of large number of sensilla compared to other castes.

REFERENCES

  1. Babu M. J., Shreya M. Ankolekar and Rajashekhar, K. P. (2011). Castes of the weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius) differ in the organization of sensilla on their antennae and mouthparts. - Current Science. 101(6): 755-764.
  2. Barsagade D D., Nagarkar, Dewashree A. Kirsan. Jitendra R. (2019). Surface ultrastructure of antenna and distribution of sensilla in the Leptogenys chinensis (Mayr) (Fabricus) (Formicidae: Hymenoptera). Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology. 7(2): 1-6.
  3. Barsagade D. D., Khurad A. M. and Chamat M. V. (2013). Microscopic structure of mouth parts sensillae in the fifth instar larvae of eri silkworm, Philosamia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae): Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 1(3): 15-21.
  4. Barsagade D. D., Tembhare Dnyaneshwar B. and Kadu Seema G. (2013). Microscopic structure of antennal sensilla in the carpenter ant Camponotus compressus (Fabricius) (Formicidae: Hymenoptera). Asian Myrmecology. 5: 113-120.
  5. Crozier Ross H., Newey, Philip S. Schlüns Ellen A. and Robson, Simon K.A. (2010). A masterpiece of evolution – Oecophylla weaver ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Myrmecol. News. 13: 57-71.
  6. Dumpert K. (1972). Alarm receptor on the antenna of Lasius fuliginosus (Latr.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Comparative Physiology. 76: 403-425.
  7. Esquivel, F.R., Zeil, J., Narendra, A. (2014). The antennal sensory array of the nocturnal bull ant Myrmecia pyriformis, Arthropod Structure and Development. doi: 10.1016/ j. asd.2014.07.004.
  8. Esslen J and Kaissling KE, (1976). Zahl-und Verteilung antennaler Sensillenbei der Honigbiene (Apis mellifera L.). Zoomorphology. 83: 227-251.
  9. Gathalkar Ganesh B., Deepak D. Barsagade. (2018). Cephalic microstructure and its role in predation biology of Myrmicaria brunnea on Antheraea mylitta. Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology. 6 (01): 1-6.
  10. Greenslade, P.J.M. (1972). Comparative ecology of four tropical ant species. – Insectes Sociaux. 19: 195-212.
  11. Hashimoto Y. (1990). Unique features of sensilla on the antennae of formicidae (Hymenoptera). -Appl.Ent. Zool. 25 (4): 491-50.
  12. Hölldobler, B. and Wilson E.O. (1990). The Ants. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA.732 pp. Peeters, C. and A. Anderson. (1989). Cooperation between dealate queens during colony foundation in the green tree ant, Oecophylla smaragdina. Psyche. 96: 39-44.
  13. Li Jun, QiangGuo, Shichou Han, Lu Jiang and Guangwen Liang (2013). Types, morphologies and distributions of antennal sensilla of Quadrastichus erythrinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). - Florida Entomologist. 96(4): 1288-1297.
  14. Lokkers, Cornel (1990). Colony dynamics of the green tree ants (Oecophylla smaragdina Fab.) in a seasonal tropical climate. PhD thesis, James Cook University.
  15. McIver Susan B. (1975). Structure of cuticular mechanoreceptors of arthropods.-Annu. Rev. Entomol. 20: 381-397.
  16. Michener Charles D., (1974). The Social Behavior of the Bees, Belknap Press.
  17. Mysore K, Shyamala, Baragur V., Rodrigues. Veronica (2010). Morphological and developmental analysis of peripheral antennal chemosensory sensilla and central olfactory glomeruli in worker castes of Camponotus compressus (Fabricius, 1787): Arthropod Structure and Development. 39: 310-321.
  18. Nakanishi A., Hiroshi Nishino, Hidehiro Watanabe, Fumio Yokohari and Nishikawa. Michiko (2009). Sex-specific antennal sensory system in the ant Camponotus japonicus: structure and distribution of sensilla on the flagellum. Cell Tissue Res. 338:79–97.
  19. Nakanishi A., Nishino, Hiroshi, Watanabe, Hidehiro, Yokohari, Fumio and Nishikawa. Michiko (2010). Sex-specific antennal sensory system in the ant Camponotus japonicus: Glomerular Organizations of Antennal Lobes. The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 518:2186–2201.
  20. Nishino H, Nishikawa, Michiko, Mizunami, Makoto and Yokohari, Fumio (2009). Functional and topographic segregation of glomeruli revealed by local staining of antennal sensory neurons in the honeybee Apis mellifera. The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 515:161–180.
  21. Okada, Yasukazu; Kazuki; Tsuji, Toru. Miura, (2006). Morphological differences between sexes in the ponerine ant diacamma sp. (Formicidae: Ponerinae). Sociobiology. 48(2): 527-541.
  22. Onagbola Ebenezer O., Boina, Dhana Raj., Hermann, Sara L. and Stelinski. Lukasz l. (2009). Antennal sensilla of Tamarixia radiate (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasitoid of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Entomological Society of America. 0013-8746/09/: 523-531.
  23. Peng, R. and Christian, K. (2007). The effect of the weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), on the mango seed weevil, Sternochetus mangiferae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in mango orchards in the Northern Territory of Australia. International Journal of Pest Management. 53: 15-24.
  24. Peng, R., Christian, K. and Gibb, K. (1995). Ecology of the fruit spotting bug, Amblypelta lutescens lutescens DISTANT (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in cashew plantations, with particular reference to the potential for its biological control. Australian Journal of Entomology. 44: 45-51.
  25. Peng, R.K. and Christian, K. (2004). The weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), an effective biological control agent of the red-banded thrips, Selenothrips ru-brocinctus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in mango crops in the northern territory of Australia. International Journal of Pest Management. 50: 107-114.
  26. Peng, R.K. and Christian, K. (2005). The control efficacy of the weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), on the mango leafhopper, Idioscopus nitidulus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidea) in mango orchards in the Northern Territory. International Journal of Pest Management. 51: 297-304.
  27. Peng, R.K. and Christian, K. (2006). Effective control of Jarvis’s fruit fly, Bactrocera jarvisi (Diptera: Tephritidae), by the weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in mango orchards in the Northern Territory of Australia. International Journal of Pest Management. 52: 275-282.
  28. Peng, R.K., Christian, K. and Gibb, K. (2004). Implementing ant technology in commercial cashew plantations and continuation of transplanted green ant colony monitoring. Rural Indus-tries Research and Development Corporation, Canberra, ACT, 72 pp.
  29. Richards A. G. and Davis R. G. (1988). Imm’s General Textbook of Entomology, 10th Edition, Vol. 2. Classification Biology, Chapman and Hall.
  30. Ruchty M, Romani, Roberto., Kuebler, Linda S., Ruschioni, Sara., NunzioIsidoro, FlavioRoces, Kleineidam. Christoph J. (2009). The thermzo-sensitive sensilla coeloconica of leaf-cutting ants (Atta vollenweideri). Arthropod Structure and Development. 38: 195–205.
  31. Schneider Erik S., Kleineidam, Christoph J., Leitinger, Gerd., Römer., Heinrich (2018). Ultrastructure and electrophysiology of thermo sensitive sensilla coeloconica in a tropical katydid of the genus Mecopoda (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). Arthropod Structure and Development. 47: 482-497.
  32. Yokohari F. (1983). The coelocapitular sensillum, an antennal hygro- and thermo-receptive sensillum of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Cell Tissue Res. (1983) 233:355-365.
  33. Yokohari F., Y. Tominaga and H. Tateda (1982). Antennal hygroreceptors of the honey bee, Apismeflifera L. Cell Tissue Res. 226:63-73.
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Indian Journal of Agricultural Research
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    Research Article

    volume 54 issue 5 (october 2020) : 555-562,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5411

    “Surface Ultra-Structural Studies on Antennae in Polymorphs of Weaver Ant Oecophylla smaragdina; Fabricius” (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Reference to Sensilla

    D
    Deepak D. Barsagade
    P
    Parag P. Masram
    D
    Dewashree A. Nagarkar
    1Department of Zoology, Elphinstone College, 156 M.G. Road, fort, Mumbai-400 032, Maharashtra, India.
    Cite article:- Barsagade D. Deepak, Masram P. Parag, Nagarkar A. Dewashree (2020). “Surface Ultra-Structural Studies on Antennae in Polymorphs of Weaver Ant Oecophylla smaragdina; Fabricius” (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Reference to Sensilla. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 54(5): 555-562. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5411.

    ABSTRACT

    Oecophylla smaragdina is an established biological pest control agent in south-east Asian continent for cash crops like cashew and mango. It is a cosmopolitan species found all over the Asian continent. Being a social hymenopteran insect, Oecophylla smaragdina has a colony comprising of polymorphs. The morphological and ultra-structural investigation of such polymorphs antenna was done with scanning electron microscopy to reveal presence of various chemosensory, thermo-sensory and tactile sensory sensillae on the antennal segments with their specific role in the polymorphs. The role of worker in foraging activity is supported with the presence of large number of sensilla compared to other castes.

    REFERENCES

    1. Babu M. J., Shreya M. Ankolekar and Rajashekhar, K. P. (2011). Castes of the weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius) differ in the organization of sensilla on their antennae and mouthparts. - Current Science. 101(6): 755-764.
    2. Barsagade D D., Nagarkar, Dewashree A. Kirsan. Jitendra R. (2019). Surface ultrastructure of antenna and distribution of sensilla in the Leptogenys chinensis (Mayr) (Fabricus) (Formicidae: Hymenoptera). Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology. 7(2): 1-6.
    3. Barsagade D. D., Khurad A. M. and Chamat M. V. (2013). Microscopic structure of mouth parts sensillae in the fifth instar larvae of eri silkworm, Philosamia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae): Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 1(3): 15-21.
    4. Barsagade D. D., Tembhare Dnyaneshwar B. and Kadu Seema G. (2013). Microscopic structure of antennal sensilla in the carpenter ant Camponotus compressus (Fabricius) (Formicidae: Hymenoptera). Asian Myrmecology. 5: 113-120.
    5. Crozier Ross H., Newey, Philip S. Schlüns Ellen A. and Robson, Simon K.A. (2010). A masterpiece of evolution – Oecophylla weaver ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Myrmecol. News. 13: 57-71.
    6. Dumpert K. (1972). Alarm receptor on the antenna of Lasius fuliginosus (Latr.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Comparative Physiology. 76: 403-425.
    7. Esquivel, F.R., Zeil, J., Narendra, A. (2014). The antennal sensory array of the nocturnal bull ant Myrmecia pyriformis, Arthropod Structure and Development. doi: 10.1016/ j. asd.2014.07.004.
    8. Esslen J and Kaissling KE, (1976). Zahl-und Verteilung antennaler Sensillenbei der Honigbiene (Apis mellifera L.). Zoomorphology. 83: 227-251.
    9. Gathalkar Ganesh B., Deepak D. Barsagade. (2018). Cephalic microstructure and its role in predation biology of Myrmicaria brunnea on Antheraea mylitta. Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology. 6 (01): 1-6.
    10. Greenslade, P.J.M. (1972). Comparative ecology of four tropical ant species. – Insectes Sociaux. 19: 195-212.
    11. Hashimoto Y. (1990). Unique features of sensilla on the antennae of formicidae (Hymenoptera). -Appl.Ent. Zool. 25 (4): 491-50.
    12. Hölldobler, B. and Wilson E.O. (1990). The Ants. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA.732 pp. Peeters, C. and A. Anderson. (1989). Cooperation between dealate queens during colony foundation in the green tree ant, Oecophylla smaragdina. Psyche. 96: 39-44.
    13. Li Jun, QiangGuo, Shichou Han, Lu Jiang and Guangwen Liang (2013). Types, morphologies and distributions of antennal sensilla of Quadrastichus erythrinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). - Florida Entomologist. 96(4): 1288-1297.
    14. Lokkers, Cornel (1990). Colony dynamics of the green tree ants (Oecophylla smaragdina Fab.) in a seasonal tropical climate. PhD thesis, James Cook University.
    15. McIver Susan B. (1975). Structure of cuticular mechanoreceptors of arthropods.-Annu. Rev. Entomol. 20: 381-397.
    16. Michener Charles D., (1974). The Social Behavior of the Bees, Belknap Press.
    17. Mysore K, Shyamala, Baragur V., Rodrigues. Veronica (2010). Morphological and developmental analysis of peripheral antennal chemosensory sensilla and central olfactory glomeruli in worker castes of Camponotus compressus (Fabricius, 1787): Arthropod Structure and Development. 39: 310-321.
    18. Nakanishi A., Hiroshi Nishino, Hidehiro Watanabe, Fumio Yokohari and Nishikawa. Michiko (2009). Sex-specific antennal sensory system in the ant Camponotus japonicus: structure and distribution of sensilla on the flagellum. Cell Tissue Res. 338:79–97.
    19. Nakanishi A., Nishino, Hiroshi, Watanabe, Hidehiro, Yokohari, Fumio and Nishikawa. Michiko (2010). Sex-specific antennal sensory system in the ant Camponotus japonicus: Glomerular Organizations of Antennal Lobes. The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 518:2186–2201.
    20. Nishino H, Nishikawa, Michiko, Mizunami, Makoto and Yokohari, Fumio (2009). Functional and topographic segregation of glomeruli revealed by local staining of antennal sensory neurons in the honeybee Apis mellifera. The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 515:161–180.
    21. Okada, Yasukazu; Kazuki; Tsuji, Toru. Miura, (2006). Morphological differences between sexes in the ponerine ant diacamma sp. (Formicidae: Ponerinae). Sociobiology. 48(2): 527-541.
    22. Onagbola Ebenezer O., Boina, Dhana Raj., Hermann, Sara L. and Stelinski. Lukasz l. (2009). Antennal sensilla of Tamarixia radiate (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasitoid of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Entomological Society of America. 0013-8746/09/: 523-531.
    23. Peng, R. and Christian, K. (2007). The effect of the weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), on the mango seed weevil, Sternochetus mangiferae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in mango orchards in the Northern Territory of Australia. International Journal of Pest Management. 53: 15-24.
    24. Peng, R., Christian, K. and Gibb, K. (1995). Ecology of the fruit spotting bug, Amblypelta lutescens lutescens DISTANT (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in cashew plantations, with particular reference to the potential for its biological control. Australian Journal of Entomology. 44: 45-51.
    25. Peng, R.K. and Christian, K. (2004). The weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), an effective biological control agent of the red-banded thrips, Selenothrips ru-brocinctus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in mango crops in the northern territory of Australia. International Journal of Pest Management. 50: 107-114.
    26. Peng, R.K. and Christian, K. (2005). The control efficacy of the weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), on the mango leafhopper, Idioscopus nitidulus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidea) in mango orchards in the Northern Territory. International Journal of Pest Management. 51: 297-304.
    27. Peng, R.K. and Christian, K. (2006). Effective control of Jarvis’s fruit fly, Bactrocera jarvisi (Diptera: Tephritidae), by the weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in mango orchards in the Northern Territory of Australia. International Journal of Pest Management. 52: 275-282.
    28. Peng, R.K., Christian, K. and Gibb, K. (2004). Implementing ant technology in commercial cashew plantations and continuation of transplanted green ant colony monitoring. Rural Indus-tries Research and Development Corporation, Canberra, ACT, 72 pp.
    29. Richards A. G. and Davis R. G. (1988). Imm’s General Textbook of Entomology, 10th Edition, Vol. 2. Classification Biology, Chapman and Hall.
    30. Ruchty M, Romani, Roberto., Kuebler, Linda S., Ruschioni, Sara., NunzioIsidoro, FlavioRoces, Kleineidam. Christoph J. (2009). The thermzo-sensitive sensilla coeloconica of leaf-cutting ants (Atta vollenweideri). Arthropod Structure and Development. 38: 195–205.
    31. Schneider Erik S., Kleineidam, Christoph J., Leitinger, Gerd., Römer., Heinrich (2018). Ultrastructure and electrophysiology of thermo sensitive sensilla coeloconica in a tropical katydid of the genus Mecopoda (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). Arthropod Structure and Development. 47: 482-497.
    32. Yokohari F. (1983). The coelocapitular sensillum, an antennal hygro- and thermo-receptive sensillum of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Cell Tissue Res. (1983) 233:355-365.
    33. Yokohari F., Y. Tominaga and H. Tateda (1982). Antennal hygroreceptors of the honey bee, Apismeflifera L. Cell Tissue Res. 226:63-73.
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