Effect of sowing dates and spacing on growth and yield of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) in subtropical climate of Assam, India

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during the year 2009 to 2011 in rainy season to find out the optimum time of sowing and plant spacing of cluster bean (var. Pusa Naubahar) in Assam . Four sowing time viz. 1st July, 15th July, 1st August and 15th August and three spacing plant spacing i.e. 45 x 30 cm,60 x 30 cm and 45 x 45cm were evaluated. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The obtained results showed that all characters were markedly affected by sowing dates and spacing. Most of the characters studied except flowering date, decreased by delaying sowing date from Ist Jul to 15th Aug. Increasing spacing from 30 to 60 cm significantly increased pods/plant and leaf area, but decreased maturity date and plant height. The % disease infestation of collar rot was found minimum with earlier sowing plants. The interaction effect of (S x D) was significant for plant height, pods/plant and leaves/plant. Sowing the crop on 1st July at a spacing of 45 x 30 cm produced the highest pod yield (12.46 t/ha) and the lowest pod yield 7.12 t/ha was recorded in Aug 15th sowing with 45x45 cm spacing. Results of the present study revealed that 1st July sowing and 45 x 30 cm spacing was suitable for cluster bean production under agro climatic condition of Assam. Evaluation of production economics revealed 1st July sowing with 45 x 30 cm plants was also most remunerative option with a highest benefit: cost ratio of 2.83.

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Acosta- Gallegos JA, Vargas-Vazquez P, White JW. (1996). Effect of sowing date on the growth and seed yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in highland environments. Field Crop Res. 49:1-10
Ahmed, Z. A.., Ghafoor A and Amanat, A. (2000). Evaluation of three exotic legume species for fodder potential. PJBS. 3 (1) : 2079-2081
Akhtar L.H, Bukhari S., Salah-ud-Din S. and Minhas R.(2012) Response of new guar strains to various row spacings. Pak. J. Agri. Sci., 49(4), 469-471
Ali Z., Shafic Zahul M.,Zia ul Hussain M.and Bashu M.(2004). Sowing dates effects on growth, development and yield of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) under rainfed conditions of pothowar region. J. agric Res. 42 (2): 33-40
Anonymous (2014). Potential of Rainfed Guar (Cluster bean) Cultivation, Processing and Export in India, National Rainfed Area Authority, Planning Commission, Government of India, New Delhi. Policy Paper no. 3: pp.85
Habibzadeh Y, Mameghani R, Kasani A, Mesgharbashi M. (2006). Effect of density on yield and some vegetative and reproductive characters of 3 mungbean genotypes in Ahwaz area. Iran J Agric Sci. 37:277-335.
Hashemabadi D, Sedaghathoor S. (2006). Study of mutual effect of the sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of winter faba bean (Vicia faba L.). J Agricl Sci. 12(1):135-142
Hymowitz, T. and Matlock, S. (1964) Gaur , Seed plant and population studies. Oklahoma Tech. Bull. B. 108:35
Labbafian AH. (1995). Study of effects of sowing row spacing and plant density on growth indices, yield and seed yield components of navy bean. M.Sc. Thesis, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran (In Persian)
Lack S, Naderi A, Siadat SA, Ayenehband A, Nourmohammadi GH, Moosavi SH. (2008). The effects of different levels of irrigation, nitrogen and plant density on yield, yield components and dry matter remobilization of corn at climatical conditions of Khuzestan. J Sci Technol Agric Natural Resources. 11(42):1-14.
Madawi, R.S., Abdelwahab S. and Ibrahim, Y.M. (1995) Productivity of six forage legume at different sowing dates in the United Arab Emirates University. Legume - Research. 18 (2): 117 – 120
Mahmood A.,Iqbal M.A.M, Iqbal Saleem M.. (1988) Growth and yield of three Gaur cultivars as influenced by different row spacings. Pakistan J. Agric. Res. 9 (3):168-170
Moosavi S. G., Seghatoleslami M. J.and Delarami M. R., (2014). Effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of lentil (Lens culinaris cv. Sistan). Annual Research & Review in Biology. 4(1): 296-305.
Patel, P.L., A.R. Pathak and K. M. Patel (2002) Correlated response in clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub). Prog. Agri. 2 (2); 189-190
Rao,A.R.(2001) Status of under –utilized crops in Pakistan. Deptt. Bot.,Univ. Agri.,Faisalabad.p.1-13.
Saini M. L., M. Hagg., Ahvenainen., R. Evers A.M. and Tilikkala, K. (1999). Unconventional vegetable clusterbean for the semi- arid tropics. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge: U. K. p. 342-374
Acosta- Gallegos JA, Vargas-Vazquez P, White JW. (1996). Effect of sowing date on the growth and seed yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in highland environments. Field Crop Res. 49:1-10
Ahmed, Z. A.., Ghafoor A and Amanat, A. (2000). Evaluation of three exotic legume species for fodder potential. PJBS. 3 (1) : 2079-2081
Akhtar L.H, Bukhari S., Salah-ud-Din S. and Minhas R.(2012) Response of new guar strains to various row spacings. Pak. J. Agri. Sci., 49(4), 469-471
Ali Z., Shafic Zahul M.,Zia ul Hussain M.and Bashu M.(2004). Sowing dates effects on growth, development and yield of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) under rainfed conditions of pothowar region. J. agric Res. 42 (2): 33-40
Anonymous (2014). Potential of Rainfed Guar (Cluster bean) Cultivation, Processing and Export in India, National Rainfed Area Authority, Planning Commission, Government of India, New Delhi. Policy Paper no. 3: pp.85
Habibzadeh Y, Mameghani R, Kasani A, Mesgharbashi M. (2006). Effect of density on yield and some vegetative and reproductive characters of 3 mungbean genotypes in Ahwaz area. Iran J Agric Sci. 37:277-335.
Hashemabadi D, Sedaghathoor S. (2006). Study of mutual effect of the sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of winter faba bean (Vicia faba L.). J Agricl Sci. 12(1):135-142
Hymowitz, T. and Matlock, S. (1964) Gaur , Seed plant and population studies. Oklahoma Tech. Bull. B. 108:35
Labbafian AH. (1995). Study of effects of sowing row spacing and plant density on growth indices, yield and seed yield components of navy bean. M.Sc. Thesis, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran (In Persian)
Lack S, Naderi A, Siadat SA, Ayenehband A, Nourmohammadi GH, Moosavi SH. (2008). The effects of different levels of irrigation, nitrogen and plant density on yield, yield components and dry matter remobilization of corn at climatical conditions of Khuzestan. J Sci Technol Agric Natural Resources. 11(42):1-14.
Madawi, R.S., Abdelwahab S. and Ibrahim, Y.M. (1995) Productivity of six forage legume at different sowing dates in the United Arab Emirates University. Legume - Research. 18 (2): 117 – 120
Mahmood A.,Iqbal M.A.M, Iqbal Saleem M.. (1988) Growth and yield of three Gaur cultivars as influenced by different row spacings. Pakistan J. Agric. Res. 9 (3):168-170
Moosavi S. G., Seghatoleslami M. J.and Delarami M. R., (2014). Effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of lentil (Lens culinaris cv. Sistan). Annual Research & Review in Biology. 4(1): 296-305.
Patel, P.L., A.R. Pathak and K. M. Patel (2002) Correlated response in clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub). Prog. Agri. 2 (2); 189-190
Rao,A.R.(2001) Status of under –utilized crops in Pakistan. Deptt. Bot.,Univ. Agri.,Faisalabad.p.1-13.
Saini M. L., M. Hagg., Ahvenainen., R. Evers A.M. and Tilikkala, K. (1999). Unconventional vegetable clusterbean for the semi- arid tropics. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge: U. K. p. 342-374

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Effect of sowing dates and spacing on growth and yield of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) in subtropical climate of Assam, India

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