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volume 49 issue 2 (april 2015) : 193-196,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-058X.2015.00030.X

Compatibility of pesticides with Trichoderma spp. and their antagonistic potential against some pathogenic soil borne pathogens

N
N. Nongmaithem
1Department of Plant Pathology, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar 736165, West Bengal, India.
Cite article:- Nongmaithem N. (2025). Compatibility of pesticides with Trichoderma spp. and their antagonistic potential against some pathogenic soil borne pathogens. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 49(2): 193-196. doi: 10.5958/0976-058X.2015.00030.X.

ABSTRACT

Two isolates of Trichoderma spp. were tested in vitro for its compatibility with different concentrations of commonly used pesticide and on the antagonistic activity against four pathogenic soils borne pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Sclerotium oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum). Dual culture of pathogens and Trichoderma spp. revealed that IBT-II reduced the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by 30.05%, Sclerotium oryzae by 58.33%, Rhizoctonia solani by 47.92% and Pythium ultimum by 59.17%. The pesticides tested at different concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% showed that a progressive increase in percent inhibition of radial growth in the bioagents was observed as the concentrations of pesticide increased. Fungicide was found to be more toxic than biopesticide. Biopesticide is found to be compatible at lower concentration i.e. at 0.1% as it showed percent inhibition of only 33.36, 38.00 and 38.22% at 24, 48 and 72hrs period of incubation respectively. Fungicide was found to be incompatible with bioagents as it exhibited toxicity even at lower concentration. It showed maximum inhibition (100%) against isolate MT-4 at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% concentration at 24 and 48hrs period of incubation while other isolate IBT-II, showed 87.44 percent inhibition at 0.3% at 72hrs period of incubation. Biopesticide was found to be less toxic than fungicide which indicates the compatibility with bioagents tested. The present result will help delineate the possibility of combining biocontrol agents and agrochemical for use in integrated pest management approach.

REFERENCES

  1. Agrios, G. N. (2005). Plant Pathology, 5th edition. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
  2. Biswas K, Chattopadhyay I, Banerjee RK. (2002). Biological activities and medicinal properties of neem (Azadirachta indica). Current Sci 82: 1336-1345
  3. Dennis, C. and Webster J. (1971c). Antagonistic properties of species group of Trichoderma II. Production of volatile antibiotics. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 57(1): 41-48.
  4. Dutta S. and Chatterjee NC., (2004). Raising of carbendazim-tolerant mutants of Trichoderma and variations in their hydrolytic enzyme activity in relation to mycoparasitic action against Rhizopus stolonifer. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection. 111(6):557-565.
  5. Harman, G.E. (2000). Myths and dogmas of biocontrol. Changes in perceptions derived from research on trichoderma harzanium T22. Plant Diseases, 84(4): 377-393.
  6. Hatvani L, Manczinger L, Kredics L, Szekeres A, Antal Z, and Vagvolgyi C. (2006). Production of Trichoderma strains with pesticide-polyresistance by mutagenesis and protoplast fusion. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 89:387-393.
  7. Howell, C.R. (2003). Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant disease; the history and evolution of current concept. Plant discus. 87:4-10
  8. Jayaraj, S. (1992). Studies on IPM in rice based cropping systems with emphasis on the use of botanical, their safety and socioeconomic considerations. Proceedings India, IRRI-ADB Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines.
  9. Jeyarajan, R., Doraiswamy, S. Bhaskaran R. and Jayaraj S. (1987). Effect of neem and other plant products in the management of plant diseases in India; in Natural pesticides from the neem tree (A. Juss) and other tropical plants, Proceedings of Third International Neem Conference. Eds., Schmutterrer, R., and K.R.S. Ascher. Eschborn: GTZ Germany, pp: 635-644.
  10. Khan MO, and Shahzad S. (2007). Screening of Trichoderma Species for Tolerance to fungicides. Pak.J.Bot 39(3):945-951.
  11. Kucuk, C. and Kivanc, M. (2003). Isolation of Trichoderma spp. and their antifungal, biochemical and physiological features. Turkish Journal of Biology, 27(4): 27-253.
  12. Lee, Y.-S.; Kim, J.; Lee, S.-G.; Oh, E.; Shin, S.-C.; Park, I.-K. (2009). Effects of plant essential oils and components from Oriental sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis) on growth and morphogenesis of three phytopathogenic fungi. Pestic. Biochem. Phys. 93, 138–143.
  13. Lee, Y.-S.; Kim, J.; Shin, S.-C.; Lee, S.-G.; Park, I.-K. (2008). Antifungal activity of Myrtaceae essential oils and their components against three phytopathogenic fungi. Flavour Fragr. J. 23, 23–28.
  14. Nene, Y. L. and Thapliyal, P. N. (1993). Evaluation of fungicides. In: Fungicides in Plant Disease Control. Oxford and IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi, p. 531.
  15. Rachappa, L., S. Lingappa and R.K. Patil, (2007). Effect of Agrochemicals on growth and sporulation of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20(2): 410-413.
  16. Rai, R.D. and Vijay, B. (1992). Indian Phytopath., 45: 207-212.
  17. Srinivas, P. and G. Ramakrishnan, (2002). Use of native microorganisms and commonly recommended fungicides in integrated management of rice seed borne pathogens. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 10(2): 260-264.
  18. Vincent, J.M. (1947). Nature, 159: 850.
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    volume 49 issue 2 (april 2015) : 193-196,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-058X.2015.00030.X

    Compatibility of pesticides with Trichoderma spp. and their antagonistic potential against some pathogenic soil borne pathogens

    N
    N. Nongmaithem
    1Department of Plant Pathology, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar 736165, West Bengal, India.
    Cite article:- Nongmaithem N. (2025). Compatibility of pesticides with Trichoderma spp. and their antagonistic potential against some pathogenic soil borne pathogens. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 49(2): 193-196. doi: 10.5958/0976-058X.2015.00030.X.

    ABSTRACT

    Two isolates of Trichoderma spp. were tested in vitro for its compatibility with different concentrations of commonly used pesticide and on the antagonistic activity against four pathogenic soils borne pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Sclerotium oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum). Dual culture of pathogens and Trichoderma spp. revealed that IBT-II reduced the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by 30.05%, Sclerotium oryzae by 58.33%, Rhizoctonia solani by 47.92% and Pythium ultimum by 59.17%. The pesticides tested at different concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% showed that a progressive increase in percent inhibition of radial growth in the bioagents was observed as the concentrations of pesticide increased. Fungicide was found to be more toxic than biopesticide. Biopesticide is found to be compatible at lower concentration i.e. at 0.1% as it showed percent inhibition of only 33.36, 38.00 and 38.22% at 24, 48 and 72hrs period of incubation respectively. Fungicide was found to be incompatible with bioagents as it exhibited toxicity even at lower concentration. It showed maximum inhibition (100%) against isolate MT-4 at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% concentration at 24 and 48hrs period of incubation while other isolate IBT-II, showed 87.44 percent inhibition at 0.3% at 72hrs period of incubation. Biopesticide was found to be less toxic than fungicide which indicates the compatibility with bioagents tested. The present result will help delineate the possibility of combining biocontrol agents and agrochemical for use in integrated pest management approach.

    REFERENCES

    1. Agrios, G. N. (2005). Plant Pathology, 5th edition. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
    2. Biswas K, Chattopadhyay I, Banerjee RK. (2002). Biological activities and medicinal properties of neem (Azadirachta indica). Current Sci 82: 1336-1345
    3. Dennis, C. and Webster J. (1971c). Antagonistic properties of species group of Trichoderma II. Production of volatile antibiotics. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 57(1): 41-48.
    4. Dutta S. and Chatterjee NC., (2004). Raising of carbendazim-tolerant mutants of Trichoderma and variations in their hydrolytic enzyme activity in relation to mycoparasitic action against Rhizopus stolonifer. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection. 111(6):557-565.
    5. Harman, G.E. (2000). Myths and dogmas of biocontrol. Changes in perceptions derived from research on trichoderma harzanium T22. Plant Diseases, 84(4): 377-393.
    6. Hatvani L, Manczinger L, Kredics L, Szekeres A, Antal Z, and Vagvolgyi C. (2006). Production of Trichoderma strains with pesticide-polyresistance by mutagenesis and protoplast fusion. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 89:387-393.
    7. Howell, C.R. (2003). Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant disease; the history and evolution of current concept. Plant discus. 87:4-10
    8. Jayaraj, S. (1992). Studies on IPM in rice based cropping systems with emphasis on the use of botanical, their safety and socioeconomic considerations. Proceedings India, IRRI-ADB Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines.
    9. Jeyarajan, R., Doraiswamy, S. Bhaskaran R. and Jayaraj S. (1987). Effect of neem and other plant products in the management of plant diseases in India; in Natural pesticides from the neem tree (A. Juss) and other tropical plants, Proceedings of Third International Neem Conference. Eds., Schmutterrer, R., and K.R.S. Ascher. Eschborn: GTZ Germany, pp: 635-644.
    10. Khan MO, and Shahzad S. (2007). Screening of Trichoderma Species for Tolerance to fungicides. Pak.J.Bot 39(3):945-951.
    11. Kucuk, C. and Kivanc, M. (2003). Isolation of Trichoderma spp. and their antifungal, biochemical and physiological features. Turkish Journal of Biology, 27(4): 27-253.
    12. Lee, Y.-S.; Kim, J.; Lee, S.-G.; Oh, E.; Shin, S.-C.; Park, I.-K. (2009). Effects of plant essential oils and components from Oriental sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis) on growth and morphogenesis of three phytopathogenic fungi. Pestic. Biochem. Phys. 93, 138–143.
    13. Lee, Y.-S.; Kim, J.; Shin, S.-C.; Lee, S.-G.; Park, I.-K. (2008). Antifungal activity of Myrtaceae essential oils and their components against three phytopathogenic fungi. Flavour Fragr. J. 23, 23–28.
    14. Nene, Y. L. and Thapliyal, P. N. (1993). Evaluation of fungicides. In: Fungicides in Plant Disease Control. Oxford and IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi, p. 531.
    15. Rachappa, L., S. Lingappa and R.K. Patil, (2007). Effect of Agrochemicals on growth and sporulation of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20(2): 410-413.
    16. Rai, R.D. and Vijay, B. (1992). Indian Phytopath., 45: 207-212.
    17. Srinivas, P. and G. Ramakrishnan, (2002). Use of native microorganisms and commonly recommended fungicides in integrated management of rice seed borne pathogens. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 10(2): 260-264.
    18. Vincent, J.M. (1947). Nature, 159: 850.
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