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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 51 issue 5 (october 2017) : 405-412,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-240

The genetic diversity of leaf vegetable jute mallow (Corchorus spp.): A review

M
Munguatosha Ngomuo
T
Tsvetelina Stoilova
T
Tileye Feyissa
N
Neema Kassim
P
Patrick A. Ndakidemi
1School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
Cite article:- Ngomuo Munguatosha, Stoilova Tsvetelina, Feyissa Tileye, Kassim Neema, Ndakidemi A. Patrick (2017). The genetic diversity of leaf vegetable jute mallow (Corchorus spp.): A review. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 51(5): 405-412. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-240.

ABSTRACT

Corchorus spp.  is among traditional vegetable which is very nutritious and has been in use in many households in Africa.  It contains high level of carotenoids (150µg/100g), vitamin C, Iron (190µg/g), 1.3% Calcium and 25.0% protein. The leaves are used in treatment of diseases and have wide antibacterial properties. It is semidomesticated and sometimes grows as a volunteer crop. Its status in some parts of Tanzania as a wild plant renders it unappealing for consideration in crop development programs.There is limited scientific information on its diversity for use as a vegetable in crop improvement and is a potential area for research. Variations exist among different accessions based on leaf shapes and color. Diversity studies by using molecular markers, proteins and isozymes are reported by several authors. There is low variation within species and high among species. Most of released varieties have a narrow genetic base. Conservation of this species in Africa is scarcely reported.

REFERENCES

  1. Ali, M. N., Ghosh, A., Sasmal, B. G., Sarkar, H. K. and Das, P. K. (2012). Isozyme diversity in selected leaf mutants of ‘tossa’jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) Indian J. Biotechnol.11:333-336. 
  2. Agong, S.G., Ojiewo, C.O., Mwai, G.N., Abukutsa-Onyango, M.O. and Nono-Womdim, R. (2013). Exploiting the genetic diversity of vegetable African nightshades. Biorem, Biodiv, Bioav. 7:6-13
  3. Akoroda, M.O., (1985). Morphotype diversity in Nigeria landraces of Corchorus olitorius. J. Horticultural Sci. 60:557-562.
  4. Anbukkarasi, V. and Sadasakthi, A. (2017). Effect of leguminous green leaf manures and leaf extract on growth, yield, quality and economics of bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) cv. Arka Anamika. Indian J. Agric. Res. 51:9-16.
  5. Attere, A.F. (1997). Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. Proceedings of the IPGRI international workshop on Genetic Resources of Tropical vegetables in Africa; Conservation and use, August 29-31, 1997. Gatersleben/    International Plant genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
  6. Banerjee, S., Das M., Mir R.R., Kundu A., Topdar N., Sarkar D., Sinha M.K., Balyan H.S. and Gupta, P.K.(2012) Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure in a selected germplasm collection of 292 jute genotypes by microsatellite (SSR) markers. Mol Plant Breed. 3:11-25.
  7. Basu, A., Ghosh M., Meyer R., Powell W., Basak S.L. andSen S.K.(2004). Analysis of genetic diversity in cultivated jute determined by means of SSR markers and AFLP profiling. Crop Sci. 44:678-685.
  8. Begum, T. and Kumar D. (2011) Usefulness of morphological characteristics for DUS testing of jute (Corchorus olitorius L. and C. capsularis L.). Span J Agric Res. 9:473-483.
  9. Benor, S., Blattner F.R., Demissew S. and Hammer K.(2010) Collection and ethnobotanical investigation of Corchorus species in Ethiopia: potential leafy vegetables for dry regions. Genet Resour Crop Evol. 57:293-306.
  10. Benor, S., Demissew S., Hammer K. and Blattner F.R.(2012). Genetic diversity and relationships in Corchorus olitorius (Malvaceae sl) inferred from molecular and morphological data. Genet Resour Crop Evol. 59:1125-1146.
  11. Benor, S., Fuchs J. and Blattner F.R.(2011) Genome size variation in Corchorus olitorius (Malvaceae sl) and its correlation with elevation and phenotypic traits. Genome Res. 54:575-585.
  12. Bretting, P.K. and Widrlechner M.P. (1995) Digital Repository @ Iowa State University Genetic Markers and Horticultural Germplasm Management Genetic Markers and Horticultural Germplasm Management. 
  13. Burkill, H.M. (2004) The useful plants of West Tropical Africa, (2nd edn), vol 6, general index. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew.
  14. Chandra, A.(2008) Genetic relationship among accessions of Stylosanthes hamata based on seed proteins profile. Indian J Genet Pl Br. 68:208-211.
  15. Choudhary, S.B., Sharma, H.K., Karmakar, P.G., Saha, A.R., Hazra, P. and Mahapatra B.S.(2013) Nutritional profile of cultivated and wild jute (Corchorus) species. Aust J Crop Sci. 7: 1973-1982.
  16. Dansi, A., Adjatin, A., Adoukonou-Sagbadja, H., Faladé, V., Yedomonhan, H., Odou, D. and Dossou, B.(2008) Traditional leafy vegetables and their use in the Benin Republic. Genet Resour Crop Evol. 55:1239-1256.
  17. Das, B. and Maiti, S. (1998). Jute (Corchorus species) and allied fibres research in India. Indian J. Agric Sci. 68: 484-493.
  18. Denton, O.A. and Nwangburuka, C.C. (2012) Morphological Diversity among Corchorus olitorius Accessions Based on Single Linkage Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. Jordan J Biol Sci. 5:191-196
  19. Dziechciarkova, M., Lebeda, A., Dolezalova, I. and Astley, D. (2004) Characterization of Lactuca spp. germplasm by protein and molecular markers-a review. Plant Soil Environ. 50:47-58.
  20. Edmonds, J.M. (1990). Herbarium survey of african Corchorus L. species. IBPGR.
  21. Fondio, L. and Grubben, G. (2004). Corchorus olitorius L. Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2: 217-221.
  22. Freiberger, C., Vanderjagt, D., Pastuszyn, A., Glew, R., Mounkaila, G., Millson, M. and Glew, R. (1998). Nutrient content of the edible leaves of seven wild plants from Niger. Plant foods for Hum Nutr. 53: 57-69.
  23. Ghosh, R.K., Wongkaew A., Sreewongchai T., Nakasathien S. and Phumichai C.(2014). Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure in jute (Corchorus spp.) using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Kasetsart J Nat Sci. 48:83-94.
  24. Grubben, G.J.H. and Denton O.A.(2004). Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen, Netherlands.
  25. Haque, S., Begum, S., Sarker, R.H. and Khan H.,(2007) Determining genetic diversity of some jute varieties and accessions using RAPD markers. Plant Tissue Cult Biotech. 17:183-191.
  26. Hillocks, R.J.(1998) The potential benefits of weeds with reference to small holder agriculture in Africa. Integrated Pest Manag Rev. 3:155-167.
  27. Hossain, M.B., Haque, S. andKhan, H.(2002). DNA fingerprinting of jute germplasm by RAPD. J Biochem Mol Biol. 35:414-419.
  28. Huq, S., Islam, M.S., Sajib, A.A., Ashraf, N., Haque, S. and Khan, H.(2009) Genetic diversity and relationships in jute (Corchorus spp.) revealed by SSR markers. Bangladesh J Botany. 38:153-161.
  29. Isuosuo, C.C. and Akaneme, F.I. (2014). Genetic variability assessment of accessions of Corchorus olitorius L. using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Afr J Biotechnol. 13:2004-2009.
  30. Kamannavar, P.Y., Revannapa, S.B., Vijaykumar, A.G., Bassama, K. and Ganajaxi. (2015). Nature of genetic diversity for seed yield and its component traits in urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]. Indian J. Agric. Res. 50:96-98.
  31. Kar, C.S., Kundu, A., Sarkar, D., Sinha, M.K. and Mahapatra, B.S. (2009) Genetic diversity in jute (Corchorus spp) and its utilization: A review. Indian J Agr Sci. 79:575-586.
  32. Keding, G., Weinberger, K., Swai, I. and Mndiga, H. (2007) Diversity, traits and use of traditional vegetables in Tanzania. AVRDC-   World Vegetable Center.
  33. Khatun, M. and Alam S.S. (2010) Confirmation of species status of corchorus trilocularis and C. pseudo-olitorius by differential chromosome banding and isozyme assay. Cytologia., 75:83-88.
  34. Khatun, M., Sultana, S.S., Ara, H., Islam, M.N. and Alam, S.S. (2011). Differential Chromosome Banding and isozyme assay of three Corchorus spp. Cytologia. 76: 27-32.
  35. Kinabo, J., Mnkeni, A.P., Nyaruhucha, C.N.M., Msuya, J., Haug, A. and Ishengoma, J. (2006). Feeding frequency and nutrient content of foods commonly consumed in the Iringa and Morogoro regions in Tanzania. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 57:9-17.
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  39. Kundu, A., Topdar, N., Sarkar, D., Sinha, M.K., Ghosh, A. and Banerjee S. (2013) Origins of white (Corchorus capsularis L.) and dark (C. olitorius L.) Jute: a reevaluation based on nuclear and chloroplast microsatellites. J Plant Biochem Biotechnol. 22: 372–381. 
  40. Kundu, B.C. (1951) Origin of Jute.
  41. Lewu, F.B. and Mavengahama, S. (2010) Wild vegetables in Northern KwaZulu Natal, South Africa: Current status of production and research needs. Sci Res Essays. 5:3044-3048.
  42. Mandal, A., Gupta, S., Datta, A.K., da Silva, J.A.T. and Datta, S.(2013). Pollen Morphology of Eight Corchorus spp.(Tiliaceae) and How Their Interrelationships Aid Efficient Breeding. Int J Plant Breed. 7:101-105.
  43. Meena, R.K. and Shukla P. (2013). Genetic Diversity of Seed Storage Proteins in Popular Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties in Chhattisgarh and its Application. Res J Agr Sci. 4:329-332.
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    Research Article

    volume 51 issue 5 (october 2017) : 405-412,   Doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-240

    The genetic diversity of leaf vegetable jute mallow (Corchorus spp.): A review

    M
    Munguatosha Ngomuo
    T
    Tsvetelina Stoilova
    T
    Tileye Feyissa
    N
    Neema Kassim
    P
    Patrick A. Ndakidemi
    1School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
    Cite article:- Ngomuo Munguatosha, Stoilova Tsvetelina, Feyissa Tileye, Kassim Neema, Ndakidemi A. Patrick (2017). The genetic diversity of leaf vegetable jute mallow (Corchorus spp.): A review. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 51(5): 405-412. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-240.

    ABSTRACT

    Corchorus spp.  is among traditional vegetable which is very nutritious and has been in use in many households in Africa.  It contains high level of carotenoids (150µg/100g), vitamin C, Iron (190µg/g), 1.3% Calcium and 25.0% protein. The leaves are used in treatment of diseases and have wide antibacterial properties. It is semidomesticated and sometimes grows as a volunteer crop. Its status in some parts of Tanzania as a wild plant renders it unappealing for consideration in crop development programs.There is limited scientific information on its diversity for use as a vegetable in crop improvement and is a potential area for research. Variations exist among different accessions based on leaf shapes and color. Diversity studies by using molecular markers, proteins and isozymes are reported by several authors. There is low variation within species and high among species. Most of released varieties have a narrow genetic base. Conservation of this species in Africa is scarcely reported.

    REFERENCES

    1. Ali, M. N., Ghosh, A., Sasmal, B. G., Sarkar, H. K. and Das, P. K. (2012). Isozyme diversity in selected leaf mutants of ‘tossa’jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) Indian J. Biotechnol.11:333-336. 
    2. Agong, S.G., Ojiewo, C.O., Mwai, G.N., Abukutsa-Onyango, M.O. and Nono-Womdim, R. (2013). Exploiting the genetic diversity of vegetable African nightshades. Biorem, Biodiv, Bioav. 7:6-13
    3. Akoroda, M.O., (1985). Morphotype diversity in Nigeria landraces of Corchorus olitorius. J. Horticultural Sci. 60:557-562.
    4. Anbukkarasi, V. and Sadasakthi, A. (2017). Effect of leguminous green leaf manures and leaf extract on growth, yield, quality and economics of bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) cv. Arka Anamika. Indian J. Agric. Res. 51:9-16.
    5. Attere, A.F. (1997). Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. Proceedings of the IPGRI international workshop on Genetic Resources of Tropical vegetables in Africa; Conservation and use, August 29-31, 1997. Gatersleben/    International Plant genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
    6. Banerjee, S., Das M., Mir R.R., Kundu A., Topdar N., Sarkar D., Sinha M.K., Balyan H.S. and Gupta, P.K.(2012) Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure in a selected germplasm collection of 292 jute genotypes by microsatellite (SSR) markers. Mol Plant Breed. 3:11-25.
    7. Basu, A., Ghosh M., Meyer R., Powell W., Basak S.L. andSen S.K.(2004). Analysis of genetic diversity in cultivated jute determined by means of SSR markers and AFLP profiling. Crop Sci. 44:678-685.
    8. Begum, T. and Kumar D. (2011) Usefulness of morphological characteristics for DUS testing of jute (Corchorus olitorius L. and C. capsularis L.). Span J Agric Res. 9:473-483.
    9. Benor, S., Blattner F.R., Demissew S. and Hammer K.(2010) Collection and ethnobotanical investigation of Corchorus species in Ethiopia: potential leafy vegetables for dry regions. Genet Resour Crop Evol. 57:293-306.
    10. Benor, S., Demissew S., Hammer K. and Blattner F.R.(2012). Genetic diversity and relationships in Corchorus olitorius (Malvaceae sl) inferred from molecular and morphological data. Genet Resour Crop Evol. 59:1125-1146.
    11. Benor, S., Fuchs J. and Blattner F.R.(2011) Genome size variation in Corchorus olitorius (Malvaceae sl) and its correlation with elevation and phenotypic traits. Genome Res. 54:575-585.
    12. Bretting, P.K. and Widrlechner M.P. (1995) Digital Repository @ Iowa State University Genetic Markers and Horticultural Germplasm Management Genetic Markers and Horticultural Germplasm Management. 
    13. Burkill, H.M. (2004) The useful plants of West Tropical Africa, (2nd edn), vol 6, general index. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew.
    14. Chandra, A.(2008) Genetic relationship among accessions of Stylosanthes hamata based on seed proteins profile. Indian J Genet Pl Br. 68:208-211.
    15. Choudhary, S.B., Sharma, H.K., Karmakar, P.G., Saha, A.R., Hazra, P. and Mahapatra B.S.(2013) Nutritional profile of cultivated and wild jute (Corchorus) species. Aust J Crop Sci. 7: 1973-1982.
    16. Dansi, A., Adjatin, A., Adoukonou-Sagbadja, H., Faladé, V., Yedomonhan, H., Odou, D. and Dossou, B.(2008) Traditional leafy vegetables and their use in the Benin Republic. Genet Resour Crop Evol. 55:1239-1256.
    17. Das, B. and Maiti, S. (1998). Jute (Corchorus species) and allied fibres research in India. Indian J. Agric Sci. 68: 484-493.
    18. Denton, O.A. and Nwangburuka, C.C. (2012) Morphological Diversity among Corchorus olitorius Accessions Based on Single Linkage Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. Jordan J Biol Sci. 5:191-196
    19. Dziechciarkova, M., Lebeda, A., Dolezalova, I. and Astley, D. (2004) Characterization of Lactuca spp. germplasm by protein and molecular markers-a review. Plant Soil Environ. 50:47-58.
    20. Edmonds, J.M. (1990). Herbarium survey of african Corchorus L. species. IBPGR.
    21. Fondio, L. and Grubben, G. (2004). Corchorus olitorius L. Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2: 217-221.
    22. Freiberger, C., Vanderjagt, D., Pastuszyn, A., Glew, R., Mounkaila, G., Millson, M. and Glew, R. (1998). Nutrient content of the edible leaves of seven wild plants from Niger. Plant foods for Hum Nutr. 53: 57-69.
    23. Ghosh, R.K., Wongkaew A., Sreewongchai T., Nakasathien S. and Phumichai C.(2014). Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure in jute (Corchorus spp.) using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Kasetsart J Nat Sci. 48:83-94.
    24. Grubben, G.J.H. and Denton O.A.(2004). Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen, Netherlands.
    25. Haque, S., Begum, S., Sarker, R.H. and Khan H.,(2007) Determining genetic diversity of some jute varieties and accessions using RAPD markers. Plant Tissue Cult Biotech. 17:183-191.
    26. Hillocks, R.J.(1998) The potential benefits of weeds with reference to small holder agriculture in Africa. Integrated Pest Manag Rev. 3:155-167.
    27. Hossain, M.B., Haque, S. andKhan, H.(2002). DNA fingerprinting of jute germplasm by RAPD. J Biochem Mol Biol. 35:414-419.
    28. Huq, S., Islam, M.S., Sajib, A.A., Ashraf, N., Haque, S. and Khan, H.(2009) Genetic diversity and relationships in jute (Corchorus spp.) revealed by SSR markers. Bangladesh J Botany. 38:153-161.
    29. Isuosuo, C.C. and Akaneme, F.I. (2014). Genetic variability assessment of accessions of Corchorus olitorius L. using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Afr J Biotechnol. 13:2004-2009.
    30. Kamannavar, P.Y., Revannapa, S.B., Vijaykumar, A.G., Bassama, K. and Ganajaxi. (2015). Nature of genetic diversity for seed yield and its component traits in urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]. Indian J. Agric. Res. 50:96-98.
    31. Kar, C.S., Kundu, A., Sarkar, D., Sinha, M.K. and Mahapatra, B.S. (2009) Genetic diversity in jute (Corchorus spp) and its utilization: A review. Indian J Agr Sci. 79:575-586.
    32. Keding, G., Weinberger, K., Swai, I. and Mndiga, H. (2007) Diversity, traits and use of traditional vegetables in Tanzania. AVRDC-   World Vegetable Center.
    33. Khatun, M. and Alam S.S. (2010) Confirmation of species status of corchorus trilocularis and C. pseudo-olitorius by differential chromosome banding and isozyme assay. Cytologia., 75:83-88.
    34. Khatun, M., Sultana, S.S., Ara, H., Islam, M.N. and Alam, S.S. (2011). Differential Chromosome Banding and isozyme assay of three Corchorus spp. Cytologia. 76: 27-32.
    35. Kinabo, J., Mnkeni, A.P., Nyaruhucha, C.N.M., Msuya, J., Haug, A. and Ishengoma, J. (2006). Feeding frequency and nutrient content of foods commonly consumed in the Iringa and Morogoro regions in Tanzania. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 57:9-17.
    36. Knight, C.A., Molinari, N.A. and Petrov, D.A. (2005) the large genome constraint hypothesis: evolution, ecology and phenotype. Ann. Bot. (Lond.). 95: 177–190. 
    37. Krebs, G. (2001) “Tiliaceae.” Hanelt P, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (eds) Mansfeld’s encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops 3:1560-1567.
    38. Krístková, E., Doležalová, I., Lebeda, A., Vinter, V. and Novotná, A.(2008) Description of morphological characters of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) genetic resources. Hort Sci (Prague). 35:113-129. 
    39. Kundu, A., Topdar, N., Sarkar, D., Sinha, M.K., Ghosh, A. and Banerjee S. (2013) Origins of white (Corchorus capsularis L.) and dark (C. olitorius L.) Jute: a reevaluation based on nuclear and chloroplast microsatellites. J Plant Biochem Biotechnol. 22: 372–381. 
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