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Research Article

volume 38 issue 3 (september 2018) : 231-235,   Doi: 10.18805/ag.D-4715

Effect of dates of sowing and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of okra

S
Shubham Chawla
R
R.K. Narolia
S
S.K. Pipliwal
1Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner- 334 006, Rajasthan, India.
Cite article:- Chawla Shubham, Narolia R.K., Pipliwal S.K. (2018). Effect of dates of sowing and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of okra. Agricultural Science Digest. 38(3): 231-235. doi: 10.18805/ag.D-4715.

ABSTRACT

A field study was conducted at COA, Bikaner to elucidate the effect of dates of sowing and nitrogen levels on growth and yield in okra (Varsha Uphar) during kharif, 2014. Results indicated a remarkable significant influence on all the vegetative growth attributes, flower characters and yield parameters in different dates of sowing and levels of nitrogen. The maximum plant height (96.92 cm), number of fruit per plant (17.28), length of fruit at harvest (18.03 cm) and fresh fruit yield (83.44 qha-1) were recorded under 20th July sowing as compared to other sowing dates. Similarly, in respect to earliness i.e., days to plant emergence (9.27) and days to first flowering (37.00) were observed under 20th July sown crop. The superiority of 20th July sown crop is further manifested by higher net return (Rs. 82308.83 ha-1) and B: C ratio (3.38). Application of 100 per cent RDN recorded significantly higher plant height (96.59 cm), number of fruits per plant (18.08), length of fruit at harvest (18.13 cm) and fresh fruit yield (91.64 q ha-1). However, with respect to earliness i.e., days to first flowering (36.33) was minimum with no nitrogen. Significantly higher net return (Rs. 93484.77 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.69) was recorded due to application of 100 per cent recommended dose of nitrogen. While 125 per cent RDN gave at par values of all these parameters. Whereas, application of different levels of N had no significant effect on plant emergence. The treatment combination of 20th July sowing date + 100 per cent RDN resulted in higher values for plant height (99.56 cm), number of fruits per plant (20.42) and fresh fruit yield  per hectare (95.09 q ha-1). 

REFERENCES

  1. Ahmed, K. U. (1995). Pal-Phul O Shak-Shabji (in Bengali). 5th ed. Dhaka, Bangladesh. pp. 400.
  2. Birbal, B.; Nehra, K. and Malik, Y.S. (1995). Effect of spacing and nitrogen on fruit yield of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.) cv. Varsha Uphar. Indian J. Res., 25(1-2): 47-51.
  3. Fisher, R.A. and Yates, F. (1963). Statistical Tables. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, London
  4. Gautam, S. S. and Mishra, M. K. (2010). Effect of sowing dates on the growth, yield and quality of Okra [ Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] cv. Parbhani Kranti. New Agriculturist. 21(1/2): 81-83.
  5. Iremiren, G. O. and Okiy, D. A. (1986). Effect of sowing date on the growth, yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in Southern Nijeria. J. Agri. Sci., U. K. 106 (1): 21-26.
  6. Kumar, R.; Lata, K., Khadda, B. S., Jadav, J.K. and Rai, A.K. 2015. Effect of sowing time on productivity and economics of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) under semi-arid conditions. 85(7): 11-15.
  7. Kurup, B.S.; Kumari, P.R. and Isaac, S.R. (1997). Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in okra with nitrification inhibitors. Veg. Sci., 24(1): 10-12.
  8. Lee, H.K. (1990). The effect of nitrogen fertilizer, planting density and sowing dates on the yield of okra. Korean J. Crop Sci., 35(8): 179-183.
  9. Meena, S.S. and Malhotra, S.K. (2006). Effect of sowing time, nitrogen and plant growth regulators on green leaf of yield of coriander. Haryana J. of Horti. Sci., 35(3 & 4): 310-311.
  10. Moniruzzaman, M., Uddin, M. and Choudhury, A. K. (2007). Response of okra seed crop to sowing time and plant spacing in south eastern hilly region of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res., 32(3): 393-402.
  11. Olasantan, F. O. and Olowe, V.I.O. (2006). Effect of sowing dates on respose of okra (Abelmoshus esculentus (L.) Meonch) to intercropping with contrasting cassava cultivars. Int. J. Trop. Agric., 24: 1-2.
  12. Perkins, D.Y.; Miller, J.C. and Dallyn, S.L. (1952). Influence of pod maturity on the vegetative and reproductive behavior of okra. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 60: 311-314.
  13. Sah, M.K.; Sah, K.R.; Ranjan, Nancee and Sah, J.N. (2013). Growth and productivity of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) varieties at different seeding dates and soil fertility management in Chitwan, Nepal. Indian. Soc. Veg. Sci., pp 12-15.
  14. Sajjan, A.S.; Shekhargouda, M. and Badanur, V.P. (2002). Influence of date of sowing, spacing and levels of nitrogen on yield attributes and seed yield in okra. Karnataka Indian J. Agril. Sci., 15(2): 267-274.
  15. Shrivastava, A.K. (1996). Effect of fertilizer levels and spacing on flowering, fruit set and yield of sweet pepper (Capsicum annum var. Grossum L) cv. Hybrid Bharat. Adv. Pl. Sci., 9: 171-175.
  16. Singh, K.V.; Singh, M.K. and Singh, B. (2007). Response of macro and micronutrients on growth and yield of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] cv. Pusa Sawani. Prog. Agric., 7(1/2): 63-65.
  17. Suthar, J. V.; Patel, J. B.; Patel, J. R.; Doshi, J. S. and Patel, J. A. (2009). Effect of organic manures and nitrogen levels on seed yield and seed quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) under middle Gujarat conditions. Seed Res., 37 (1&2): 156-158.
  18. Sultana, S. (2002). Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and boron on okra. M.Sc. Thesis. Department of Soil Science, Banghabandhu Sheikh Muijibur Rahman Agril. Univ., Gazipur. pp. 715-717.
  19. Uwah, D.F.; Nwagwu, F.A. and Iwo, G.A. (2010). Response of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) to different rates of nitrogen and lime on an acid soil. Internl. J. Agric. Sci., 2(2): 14-20.
  20. Yadav, S. K. and Dhankar, B.S. (1999). Performance of varsha uphar cultivar of okra as affected by the sowing dates and geometry. Vegetable Sci., 26(2): 180-182. 
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    Research Article

    volume 38 issue 3 (september 2018) : 231-235,   Doi: 10.18805/ag.D-4715

    Effect of dates of sowing and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of okra

    S
    Shubham Chawla
    R
    R.K. Narolia
    S
    S.K. Pipliwal
    1Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner- 334 006, Rajasthan, India.
    Cite article:- Chawla Shubham, Narolia R.K., Pipliwal S.K. (2018). Effect of dates of sowing and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of okra. Agricultural Science Digest. 38(3): 231-235. doi: 10.18805/ag.D-4715.

    ABSTRACT

    A field study was conducted at COA, Bikaner to elucidate the effect of dates of sowing and nitrogen levels on growth and yield in okra (Varsha Uphar) during kharif, 2014. Results indicated a remarkable significant influence on all the vegetative growth attributes, flower characters and yield parameters in different dates of sowing and levels of nitrogen. The maximum plant height (96.92 cm), number of fruit per plant (17.28), length of fruit at harvest (18.03 cm) and fresh fruit yield (83.44 qha-1) were recorded under 20th July sowing as compared to other sowing dates. Similarly, in respect to earliness i.e., days to plant emergence (9.27) and days to first flowering (37.00) were observed under 20th July sown crop. The superiority of 20th July sown crop is further manifested by higher net return (Rs. 82308.83 ha-1) and B: C ratio (3.38). Application of 100 per cent RDN recorded significantly higher plant height (96.59 cm), number of fruits per plant (18.08), length of fruit at harvest (18.13 cm) and fresh fruit yield (91.64 q ha-1). However, with respect to earliness i.e., days to first flowering (36.33) was minimum with no nitrogen. Significantly higher net return (Rs. 93484.77 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.69) was recorded due to application of 100 per cent recommended dose of nitrogen. While 125 per cent RDN gave at par values of all these parameters. Whereas, application of different levels of N had no significant effect on plant emergence. The treatment combination of 20th July sowing date + 100 per cent RDN resulted in higher values for plant height (99.56 cm), number of fruits per plant (20.42) and fresh fruit yield  per hectare (95.09 q ha-1). 

    REFERENCES

    1. Ahmed, K. U. (1995). Pal-Phul O Shak-Shabji (in Bengali). 5th ed. Dhaka, Bangladesh. pp. 400.
    2. Birbal, B.; Nehra, K. and Malik, Y.S. (1995). Effect of spacing and nitrogen on fruit yield of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.) cv. Varsha Uphar. Indian J. Res., 25(1-2): 47-51.
    3. Fisher, R.A. and Yates, F. (1963). Statistical Tables. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, London
    4. Gautam, S. S. and Mishra, M. K. (2010). Effect of sowing dates on the growth, yield and quality of Okra [ Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] cv. Parbhani Kranti. New Agriculturist. 21(1/2): 81-83.
    5. Iremiren, G. O. and Okiy, D. A. (1986). Effect of sowing date on the growth, yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in Southern Nijeria. J. Agri. Sci., U. K. 106 (1): 21-26.
    6. Kumar, R.; Lata, K., Khadda, B. S., Jadav, J.K. and Rai, A.K. 2015. Effect of sowing time on productivity and economics of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) under semi-arid conditions. 85(7): 11-15.
    7. Kurup, B.S.; Kumari, P.R. and Isaac, S.R. (1997). Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in okra with nitrification inhibitors. Veg. Sci., 24(1): 10-12.
    8. Lee, H.K. (1990). The effect of nitrogen fertilizer, planting density and sowing dates on the yield of okra. Korean J. Crop Sci., 35(8): 179-183.
    9. Meena, S.S. and Malhotra, S.K. (2006). Effect of sowing time, nitrogen and plant growth regulators on green leaf of yield of coriander. Haryana J. of Horti. Sci., 35(3 & 4): 310-311.
    10. Moniruzzaman, M., Uddin, M. and Choudhury, A. K. (2007). Response of okra seed crop to sowing time and plant spacing in south eastern hilly region of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res., 32(3): 393-402.
    11. Olasantan, F. O. and Olowe, V.I.O. (2006). Effect of sowing dates on respose of okra (Abelmoshus esculentus (L.) Meonch) to intercropping with contrasting cassava cultivars. Int. J. Trop. Agric., 24: 1-2.
    12. Perkins, D.Y.; Miller, J.C. and Dallyn, S.L. (1952). Influence of pod maturity on the vegetative and reproductive behavior of okra. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 60: 311-314.
    13. Sah, M.K.; Sah, K.R.; Ranjan, Nancee and Sah, J.N. (2013). Growth and productivity of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) varieties at different seeding dates and soil fertility management in Chitwan, Nepal. Indian. Soc. Veg. Sci., pp 12-15.
    14. Sajjan, A.S.; Shekhargouda, M. and Badanur, V.P. (2002). Influence of date of sowing, spacing and levels of nitrogen on yield attributes and seed yield in okra. Karnataka Indian J. Agril. Sci., 15(2): 267-274.
    15. Shrivastava, A.K. (1996). Effect of fertilizer levels and spacing on flowering, fruit set and yield of sweet pepper (Capsicum annum var. Grossum L) cv. Hybrid Bharat. Adv. Pl. Sci., 9: 171-175.
    16. Singh, K.V.; Singh, M.K. and Singh, B. (2007). Response of macro and micronutrients on growth and yield of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] cv. Pusa Sawani. Prog. Agric., 7(1/2): 63-65.
    17. Suthar, J. V.; Patel, J. B.; Patel, J. R.; Doshi, J. S. and Patel, J. A. (2009). Effect of organic manures and nitrogen levels on seed yield and seed quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) under middle Gujarat conditions. Seed Res., 37 (1&2): 156-158.
    18. Sultana, S. (2002). Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and boron on okra. M.Sc. Thesis. Department of Soil Science, Banghabandhu Sheikh Muijibur Rahman Agril. Univ., Gazipur. pp. 715-717.
    19. Uwah, D.F.; Nwagwu, F.A. and Iwo, G.A. (2010). Response of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) to different rates of nitrogen and lime on an acid soil. Internl. J. Agric. Sci., 2(2): 14-20.
    20. Yadav, S. K. and Dhankar, B.S. (1999). Performance of varsha uphar cultivar of okra as affected by the sowing dates and geometry. Vegetable Sci., 26(2): 180-182. 
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