Background: Ovulation is a spontaneous process of releasing an egg from the ovaries of female animals on attainment of LH surge. However, in induced ovulators this could occur only after the stimulation by male animals or artificial induction. The big cats (Panthera tigris) are considered as induced ovulators in free range and semi- captivity. 
 
Methods: Therefore, the present study was designed to observe the changes in the hormonal profile of the big cats before and following mating. A total of nine adult female tigers were grouped into two groups namely unmated and mated for the study from zoos and National parks of Madhya Pradesh. Faecal and urine samples of female tigers were taken on weekly basis for up to 14 weeks which is approximately 03 months of the study. The faecal and urine samples were processed and examined for the hormones viz. estrogen, immunoglobin (Ig) J chain, LH and progesterone were analysed by using ELISA plate reader. Urine constituents were analysed viz. urobilinogen, bilirubin, ketone, nitrite, glucose, blood, protein, leucocytes, pH and specific gravity in the urine sample by using urine analyser.&nbsp;&nbsp; 
 
Result: Elevation in the concentration of the hormones have been observed in terms of estrogen, Ig J chain and LH, whereas, increase is observed in unmated group for up to 6th&nbsp;week pertaining to progesterone as well as very slight increase in the mated group after 6th&nbsp;week. Urinalysis revealed negative tests for urobilinogen, bilirubin, ketone, nitrite and glucose in all the samples. The samples were tested positive for presence of blood, protein and leucocytes in the urine sample, changes in the pH and slight in specific gravity have been found during the investigation. 
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Hormone Metabolites of E2, Ig J Chain, LH and P4 in Mated and Unmated Female Tigers (Panthera tigris)

<div style="text-align: justify;">Biology of Raoiella indica Hirst was studied under laboratory at 27 &plusmn; 2&deg;C temperature and 79 &plusmn; 5.75 percent RH. The finding showed that life cycle of R. indica consisted of five stages viz., eggs, larva, protonymph, deutonymph and adult. The eggs incubation period of R. indica was 9.790 &plusmn; 1.94 days. The larval body measured 0.09 and 0.13 mm in length and 0.08 to 0.10 mm in width and lived for 8.35 &plusmn; 0.84 days. The total developmental period of female was 29.80 &plusmn; 2.73 days and male took 31.27&plusmn;40 days. Mated female lived for longer time and laid higher number of eggs than unmated female.&nbsp;</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Biology of Raoiella indica Hirst. (Acari: Tenupalpidae) on Arecanut Leaves under Laboratory Conditions</div>