<div style="text-align: justify;">Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs) for adolescent girls from backward society is one of the initiatives of Government of India to enhance educational status and quality of life among adolescent girls of underprivileged communities. In these institutes free education, food, clothes, books and free residential facilities are provided to adolescent girls. The present study was an attempt to assess the nutritional status of adolescent girls residing in KGBVs of two districts of Rajasthan i.e. Jaipur and Tonk. Nutritional anthropometry and dietary survey (food inventory method and 24 hour dietary recall) were carried out on 457 girls. The respondents were in the age group of 9-18 years belonging to Schedule Caste (28.2 per cent), Schedule Tribe (31.7 percent), Other Backward Caste (36.76 percent) and General (3.2 percent) category. Energy deficiency was found among the 18.35 percent girls while stunting (height for age &lt;- 2SD of WHO Z score) among 15.25 percent girls. Energy deficiency as well as stunting was observed higher among girls studying in class 6th as compared to class 8th. The food provided at KGBVs was basically cereal based. All food groups except cereals were available in inadequate quantities. Availability as well as intake of energy was adequate while that of micronutrients was below Recommend Dietary Allowances. A huge gap was observed between availability and intake of nutrients as well as food groups indicating possibility of pilferage of food stuffs.</div>

Health and nutritional profile of adolescent girls from underprivileged communities residing in kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya in Rajasthan

<p>This review article shows a holistic approach regarding integrated farming system (IFS) for livelihood security and sustainable development of small and marginal households in India. Integrated farming systems are being developed for location specific because enormous problems are being aroused in the agriculture and allied sectors such as declined factor productivity, profitability, unscientific management of farm resources, decreases in crops and livestock productivity due to climate change, changes in food habits of the people, deprived soil health, low inputs use efficiencies, declined in crop diversification and biodiversity, increased cost of production, utilization of high energy inputs, produces low energy outputs and other problems are also coexisted in current farming system. The integrated farming system includes different components like crops, livestock, poultry, beekeeping, fisheries, mushroom, kitchen garden, boundary plantation and others to cultivate in an integrated way for efficient utilization of limited farm resources. Moreover, imperative need to resolve these ablaze issues with the help of development of location-specific integrated farming system modules/models. IFS is a tool of sustainable strategies for the meeting of assorted agrarian anxieties along with ensured food and nutritional security and conserved ecosystem services. The standardized and upscale IFS models increased the productivity and profitability of the farmers more than mono-cropping and single-farm enterprises. The conducted studies emphases about enhance soil quality indicators, recycling and saving plant nutrients by around 55.6% through proper management of farm-based waste and byproducts. A total of 265.18 kg nitrogen, 48.91 kg phosphorus and 269.48 kg potassium can be saved through recycled farm-based waste or byproducts of a 1.5 ha model which comprises nine components. In conclusion, IFS modules/models are emission-negative or low GHG emitters, paving the way for promoting of climate-friendly farming in India. IFS emerges as a holistic approach to increase climate-resilient, greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced, it is a potential for sustainable agriculture development requiring continued research, policy support and innovative strategies for widespread adoption. As regards to livelihood security, the IFS approach has adapted to meet the home-grown family needs of cereals, pulses, oils, fruits, milk, meat, eggs, and vegetables. The future direction for research includes vertical farming, climate-smart farming systems, and improving the quality and sustainability of the farming systems, especially for underprivileged farm householders.</p>


Health and nutritional profile of adolescent girls from underprivileged communities residing in kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya in Rajasthan

Development of Sustainable Integrated Farming Systems for Small and Marginal Farmers and Ecosystem Services -A Comprehensive Review