<div style="text-align: justify;">This study aimed to identify puberty response of Ongole crossbred bulls raised on different sex groups and stall models. The study involved cattle aged 8-11 months, divided into three treatments: A (control) consisted of a bull in individual stall; B (similar sex) consisted of four bulls and C (different sex types) consisted of four bulls and three cows in group stalls, with three replications. Data were analyzed using Two Way ANOVA. Results showed that the variety of sexual behaviors (sniffing, licking and mounting), and tearing prepuce and frenulum were significantly different (P &lt; 0.05) on the three treatments. It can be concluded that different sex groups and stall models significantly affects the incidence of puberty which could be observed through sexual behavior and tearing prepuce and frenulum of Ongole crossbred bulls.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Puberty response of Ongole crossbred bulls raised on different sex groups and stall models</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">This study was carried out at National Haras of Tiaret (west of Algeria) to understand and to compare the normal sexual behavior and libido of stallions (Arabian vs Barb) while mounting a mare in estrus. &nbsp;Eighty-four stallions were divided into two groups from 5 to 24 years of age (n=47 Arabian; n=37 Barb). Results revealed significant differences between Arabian and Barb stallion: in sniffing (p&lt;0.001), libido score (p&lt;0.05), flehmen response (p&lt;0.05), time to first mount with erection (p&lt;0.05), number of mounts to ejaculation (p&lt;0.05) and mount time for ejaculatory (p&lt;0.01). These stallions were exactly tested in the same place and conditions allowed us to discard any side effects due to animal management or any other confounding bias. Our study provided us the knowledge of sexual behavior under Algerian environmental conditions and the distinction between Arabian and Barb stallion in their sexual behavior expression.</div>

Evaluation of sexual behavior of stallion (<em>Arabian versus Barb</em>) during breeding season in Algeria

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The Bachaur is a medium sized draft purpose breed mostly present in Madhubani, Darbhanga and Sitamarhi districts of Bihar and presently the breed is at the verge of extinction. Since no data is presently available regarding the estrus pattern in these cows therefore, present study was designed to document the oestrus intensity, estrus cycle length, estrus behaviour and duration of estrus in these animals.<br />
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<strong>Methods:</strong> The total of nine healthy breeding Bachaur cows aged 3 to 5 years were maintained under identical managemental conditions.The estrous cycles of nine animals was synchronized using Cloprostenol Sodium @ 500 mg I/M (Pragma&reg;, Intas, India) in cycling Bachaur cows. Estrus was detected in the morning and evening for external signs of estrus, estrus behavior, intensity of estrus, estrus duration and estrous cycle length.&nbsp;<br />
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<strong>Result:</strong> In the present study, mounting or&nbsp; mounted by other animals was observed in&nbsp; more than 70% and sniffing, tried to lick and Flehmen&rsquo;s reaction was&nbsp; observed in about 66.67% of treated cows. The other parameters like&nbsp; bellowing, restlessness, milk yield reduction, frequent micturition and Flehmen&rsquo;s reaction were recorded in 44.44%, 55.56%, 44.44%, 55.56% and 66.67%, of animals, respectively. The most appreciable physical sign of estrus recorded was intense swelling of vulva (in 88.89%) however hyperaemia of vulva, copious estrual mucous discharge, pronounced tonicity of uterus, completely dilated os cervix and presence of large palpable follicle on the ovary was observed in&nbsp; 44.44%, 55.56%, 66.67%, 77.78% and 66.67%,&nbsp; of cows respectively.<strong> </strong></p>


Puberty response of Ongole crossbred bulls raised on different sex groups and stall models

Evaluation of sexual behavior of stallion (Arabian versus Barb) during breeding season in Algeria

Reproductive Performance of Estrus Pattern in Bachaur Cows of Bihar