Background: The study was conducted to confirm the genetic diversity of several tomato leaf curl virus (TLCPV) isolates in the Molecular Biology Laboratory of the College of Agriculture, University of Kufa. 
 
Methods: In this study, the full-length nucleotide sequences of the binary components of tomato palampur leaf curl virus (TLCPV) comprising 7 complete DNA-A sequences (OQ693629.1,ON229618.1, OP810506.1 PP230526.1 OR052249.1, OP620405.1 and OP479886.1) and 7 complete DNA-B sequences (PP230527.1, OP810507.1, OP620406.1, ON229620.1, OR052250.1, 1OQ693630.1, ON254270.1) were imported from the NCBI GenBank database dated November 10, 2025; Sequence alignment, genetic distance calculation and phylogenetic tree construction were performed using the Geneious Prime platform (version 2025.1.2), while recombination dynamics were evaluated using the software RDP (version 4.101). 
 
Result: Genetic evolution analysis showed that Iraqi TLCPV isolates split into distinct strains; Isolates coming from Babylon and Baghdad showed high sequence similarity, while isolate OP810506.1 Kufa isolate (tomato) formed a distinct genetic strain. RDP4 analysis also revealed three recombination events within the DNA-A sequences and event 2 (which includes isolate OP810506.1 as a hybrid isolate generated by Minor parent ON229618.1) was a statistically confirmed event that met the strict criterion of support by 7 detection algorithms. In addition, two major recombination events were identified within the DNA-B region. The most affected strain was PP230527.1, which showed a different genomic pattern resulting from recombination with isolates such as ON229620.1 and OP810507.1. These results demonstrate the presence of genetic variation in Iraqi TLCPV isolates, highlighting potential challenges for virus management and biological control strategies in regional agroecosystems. These recombination events are statistically significant and acceptable because they are supported by &ge;5 independent algorithms with a bonferron-corrected P&lt;0.05 limit.

Genetic Diversity, Phylogeny and Recombination among Iraqi Isolates of Tomato Leaf Curl Palampur virus