Background: This study examined the effect of pre-sowing seed treatments and microbial inoculation on the germination of Pterocarpus angolensis and Baikiaea plurijuga at the Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 
 
Methods: This tree nursery study employed a 2 &times; 4 &times; 2 factorial, randomised experiment to test four pre-sowing treatments: mechanical scarification, soaking in rainwater and warm water (40&deg;C) and untreated seeds- alongside two levels of microbial inoculation: with and without B. ripae. 
 
Result: Mechanical scarification slightly improved germination, leading to earlier and more uniform germination in both species, with P. angolensis exhibiting a mean germination time of 10.5 days and a germination velocity coefficient of 9.57. P. angolensis germination decreased from 80.83% to 66.7%, indicating an incompatibility with B. ripae. Conversely, B. plurijuga germination increased from 70.84% to 91.67%. The findings demonstrate that scarification enhances germination in both species and can be used to improve native seedling protocols for the regeneration of dryland forests.&nbsp;

Effects of Seed Treatment and Bio-inoculants on Baikiaea plurijuga DC. and Pterocarpus angolensis Harms Seed Germination

<div>Background: Pulses are the major source of protein and is widely used to fulfill protein requirement of the growing population. Perennial pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is a predominant crop grown in kharif season, also known as Red gram, Arhar or Tur. The present study aimed to correlate yield of C. cajan with growth and soil properties under agroforestry system in Madhya Pradesh. 
 
Methods: An experiment was conducted to assess the yield of Cajanus cajan under agroforestry system at Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur during the year 2020-2021. In this study Cajanus cajan (Arhar) intercropped with Pterocarpus marsupium (Bijasal) and Psidium guajava (guava) under silvi-horti-agri system. During study period, growth parameters such as height, no. of pods and no. of branches of C. cajan were recorded and soil properties such as Soil pH, EC, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium were also estimated before sowing and at the time of harvesting of agriculture crop. 
 
Result: Study revealed that yield has highly significant positive correlation with an average plant height (0.4735), no. of pods/plant (0.2558) and no. of branches/plant (0.3765), another result shows that yield has highly significant correlation with organic carbon % (0.7966), nitrogen content of soil (0.3049), Potassium (0.3036), Phosphorus (0.6244) and has negative correlation with pH of soil (-0.9336) and EC (-0.8740) at 5% level of significance. Similarly, correlation of yield with soil parameters at the time of harvesting and the results revealed that the yield has positive correlation with organic carbon % (0.5277), nitrogen content of soil (0.1102), Potassium (0.2324), Phosphorus (0.7118) and has negative correlation with pH of soil (-0.4861) and EC (-0.3853) at 5% level of significance.</div>

​Correlation Analysis of Yield with Yield Attributing Characters and Soil Properties of Cajanus cajan (Arhar) in Silvi-horti-agri System

Effects of Seed Treatment and Bio-inoculants on Baikiaea plurijuga DC. and Pterocarpus angolensis Harms Seed Germination

​Correlation Analysis of Yield with Yield Attributing Characters and Soil Properties of Cajanus cajan (Arhar) in Silvi-horti-agri System

Correlation Analysis of Yield with Yield Attributing Characters and Soil Properties of Cajanus cajan (Arhar) in Silvi-horti-agri System