Background: Manila Tamarind (Pithecellobium dulce) fruit pulp powder is used as a therapeutic agent to treat a range of ailments due to its extraordinary capabilities. The bark and pulp are known for their hemostatic and astringent properties, making them effective remedies for toothaches, bleeding gums and gum problems. This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Pithecellobium dulce fruit pulp in laboratory animals. 
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Methods: To induce liver injury, experimental animals were administered approximately 1 ml of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intraperitoneal (i.p) injection in olive oil. The animals were then given 50 mg, 300 mg and 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw) of aqueous extract of Manila tamarind fruit solution via oral gavage tube. Control animals received distilled water as a vehicle. The study measured serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride and bilirubin levels to assess the hepatoprotective effect. 
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Result: The aqueous extract of the fruit pulp of Manila tamarind significantly reduced serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP, triglyceride and bilirubin levels in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Mannose exhibited the strongest binding affinity (-6.2 kcal/mol), followed by Hexyl (-5.1 kcal/mol) and Pyran-4-one (-4.9 kcal/mol), highlighting their potential for therapeutic applications. These findings provide a foundation for further pharmacological research on Manila Tamarind phytochemicals. The results prove that the aqueous extract of the fruit pulp of Pithecellobium dulce possesses a hepatoprotective effect against liver injury.

Hepato-protective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Manila Tamarind (Pithecellobium dulce) Fruit Pulp against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Mice

Background: Manila tamarind (Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.)&nbsp; Benth) belongs to the family Fabaceae and sub-family Mimosoideae. This tree have multiple uses; fruit, firewood, honey, fodder, soap oil, tannin, hedges and shade. Naturally this plant species can be multiplied by seeds. Apart from genetic variability, the seedling progenies may take long time to first bearing and sometimes irregular bearing also noticed due to its genetic makeup. In order to overcome these drawbacks, vegetative propagation is the only alternate way to get genetically uniform, early bearing and high yielding characters. The age of rootstocks and season of grafting influences the success of the grafts and performance of the grafted plants. With this background, studies on age of rootstocks and season on grafting success in Manila Tamarind was carried out.&nbsp;&nbsp; 
 
Methods: An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of season and age of the rootstocks in Manila Tamarind (Pithecellobium dulce). The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with 15 treatment combinations and four replications. In this study, three rootstocks of different age viz., 6, 9 and 12 months old were grafted during June, July, August, September and October.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The main and interaction effects on age of rootstocks and season of grafting had a significant influence on survival percentage, number of days taken to first sprouting, number of leaves per plant and chlorophyll content of manila tamarind under controlled conditions. The softwood grafting performed on nine month old rootstocks during September recorded the highest survival percentage and it was significantly different from all other treatments. The same treatment i.e., nine months old rootstock grafted in September was also recorded the less number of days taken to first sprouting with highest number of leaves per plant and chlorophyll content.

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Studies on the Influence Age of Rootstocks and Season on Grafting Success in Manila Tamarind (Pithecellobium dulce Roxb.)

<div style="text-align: justify;">Seed morphology and protein profiles were done for nine taxa of Leguminosae subfamily Mimosoideae, namely Acacia farnesiana, Adenanthera pavonina, Albizia lebbeck, A. saman, Dichrostachys cinerea, Entada rheedii, Mimosa pudica, Parkia biglandulosa and Pithecellobium dulce, using Scanning Electron Microscope and SDS-PAGE analysis. The total protein profile (electrophorogram) revealed the presence or absence of protein bands of molecular weights ranging from 11 to 100 kDa. There were considerable variations in band patterns of the taxa investigated. The phenogram has the nine taxa forming four clusters, corresponding to the four tribes of Mimosoideae. The variations in the seed morphology and biochemical aspects of the taxa were of use in the proper identification, classification and to discuss relationships among the nine Mimosoid taxa.</div>

Hepato-protective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Manila Tamarind (Pithecellobium dulce) Fruit Pulp against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Mice

Studies on the Influence Age of Rootstocks and Season on Grafting Success in Manila Tamarind (Pithecellobium dulce Roxb.)

Seed morphology, protein profiling and taxonomic relationships among certain Legume-Mimosoid taxa