<div>Background: Paulownia species are fast-growing woody trees with high economic and environmental value, making them promising candidates for large-scale afforestation and agroforestry programs. Conventional propagation methods are insufficient to meet large-scale demand due to low efficiency and seasonal limitations, highlighting the need for reliable in vitro propagation systems. 
 
Methods: A method for micropropagation was devised by culturing shoot tip explants on Murashige and Skoog, (MS) media enhanced with varying concentrations and mixtures of benzyladenine (BA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA),&nbsp; naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3). The shoot establishment, multiplication, rooting and acclimatization stages were evaluated based on morphological growth parameters after 30 days. Rooting efficiency was additionally assessed using sterile distilled water as an alternative medium. 
 
Result: MS medium augmented with 0.5 mg L-1&nbsp;IAA in conjunction with either 0.5 or 1.0 mg L-1&nbsp;BA resulted in complete shoot emergence. The highest shoot multiplication was obtained in MS medium containing 0.1 mg L-1&nbsp;IBA and 0.5 mg L-1&nbsp;BA, vegetative growth was substantially enhanced, while 2.0 mg L-1&nbsp;BA also enhanced growth. Although auxin-supplemented media induced high rooting percentages, roots frequently originated from basal callus, negatively affecting acclimatization. Rooting in sterile distilled water resulted in 100% rooting with superior root quality and acclimatization success. 
&nbsp;</div>

Large-scale Vegetative Propagation of Paulownia using Plant Tissue Culture Techniques