<div><strong>Background: </strong>The non-typhoidal <em>Salmonella</em> causes gastroenteritis in humans that makes its way to the food chain mainly through the animal products. The multiple drug resistance imposes one of the major hurdle in the treatment of the disease. The vaccination appears to be the most important method for prevention of the disease. Unfortunately, there is no liscenced vaccine available against non-typhoidal Salmonellae. The use of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of<em> Salmonella</em> as a vaccine candidate has attained significant centre-stage in the recent years given to its protective immunogenicity. However, the large scale production of OMVs is difficult owing to low yield per liter of culture.<br />
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<strong>Methods:</strong> In the present study, we have optimized the culture conditions <em>viz</em>. pH, phase of growth and presence of oxidative stress for maximum production of OMVs from <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium. The OMVs were characterized based on yield based on protein concentration, lipopolysaccharide concentration and zeta size.<br />
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<strong>Result:</strong> In the present study, it was found that incubation of <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium up to peak of the growth phase at pH 7 in presence of oxidative stress was found to be the most suitable condition for maximum production of OMVs.</div>


<p>​Optimization of Cultural Conditions for Maximum Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles from <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium</p>


<div style="text-align:justify">Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contain biologically active proteins, lipoolysaccharide (LPS), periplasmic and membrane-bound proteins and are known to perform diverse biological functions. OMVs from Brucella abortus S19 were isolated and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SDS-PAGE and immunoreactivity was investigated by western blotting. On TEM, bilayered spherical structures of 50-200 nm were observed. SDS-PAGE of OMVs revealed approximate bands size of 82 kDa, 68 kDa, 38 kDa, 32 kDa, 29 kDa and 18 kDa. Western blot analysis of OMVs revealed a dominant immunoreactive band of 38 kDa that correspond to some major outer membrane proteins. Humoral immune response was measured by indirect ELISA which showed that OMV specific antibodies were detected from 7th day post immunization (DPI) onwards and showed a rising trend up to 35th DPI. Cell mediated immune (CMI) response against OMVs as evidenced by the proliferation of splenocytes have also been observed. Thus OMVs were found to possess immunogenic proteins which had potential to induce both humoral as well as cell mediated immunity. After correlating this immune response with protection it has been concluded that OMV can be used as one of the vaccine candidate against brucellosis.</div>

<div style="text-align: justify;">Acellular outer membrane vesicles of <em>Brucella abortus</em> strain 19 elicits both humoral and cell mediated immune response in mice</div>

Optimization of Cultural Conditions for Maximum Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles from Salmonella Typhimurium

Acellular outer membrane vesicles of Brucella abortus strain 19 elicits both humoral and cell mediated immune response in mice

​Optimization of Cultural Conditions for Maximum Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles from Salmonella Typhimurium

Acellular outer membrane vesicles of Brucella abortus strain 19 elicits both humoral and cell mediated immune response in mice

Optimization of Cultural Conditions for Maximum Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles from Salmonella Typhimurium