During the process of increasing production potential of poultry, other economically important traits like disease resistance are neglected and ultimately leading to decrease in quality food production. The poultry health management is important due to emergence of highly pathogenic diseases like Avian Influenza. Mx1 gene has been reported to provide resistance against avian influenza virus in chicken. Therefore, present research work was focused to identify the genetic variation of Mx1 gene in Japanese quail. Total three fragments viz. &nbsp;Frag-I of 185 bp (Exon 3 region), Frag-II of 161 bp (Exon 7 region) and Frag-III of 176 bp (Exon 13 region) of &nbsp;Mx1 &nbsp;gene in 170 Japanese quail birds were amplified and screened for polymorphism by PCR-SSCP technique. All the three fragments were found to be monomorphic which was confirmed by dideoxy nucleotide sequencing. Comparative analysis of Mx1 sequence of Japanese quail by MegAlign programme of DNASTAR showed 100% homology with common quail and more than 80% homology with Rhode Island Red and Silki chicken breeds.

Nucleotide sequence analysis of Mx1 gene in Japanese quail

Background: Recent developments in molecular genetics lead to addressing certain poultry diseases via breeding for disease resistance. The present study was carried to identify and compare the genetic polymorphism in Chicken Mx1 and TVB genes among the indigenous and Giriraja chicken using PCR-RFLP technique. 
 
Methods: Blood samples were collected from 50 indigenous and 50 Giriraja birds and DNA isolation was done by Phenol: Chloroform: Isoamyl alcohol method. PCR amplification of Chicken Mx1 (exon 14) and Chicken TVB (exon 3) genes was carried out followed by RFLP analysis. 
 
Result: PCR product sizes of 301 bp and 303 bp of Mx1 and TVB genes, respectively were successfully amplified. RFLP analysis of Mx1 gene with Hyp8I restriction enzyme revealed three genotypes AA, AB and BB. In indigenous birds genotypic frequencies of AA, AB and BB were 0.314, 0.493 and 0.194, respectively and gene frequencies were 0.56 and 0.44 for alleles A and B, respectively. In Giriraja birds, genotypic frequencies for AA, AB and BB were 0.27, 0.499 and 0.23, respectively and gene frequencies were 0.52 and 0.48 for alleles A and B, respectively. RFLP analysis of TVB gene with NlaIII restriction enzyme revealed two genotypes viz., AA and AB. In indigenous birds genotypic frequencies of AA and AB were 0.81 and 0.18, respectively and gene frequencies were 0.9 and 0.1 for alleles A and B, respectively. In Giriraja birds genotypic frequencies for AA and AB were 0.774 and 0.211, respectively and gene frequencies were 0.88 and 0.12 for alleles A and B, respectively.

Genetic Polymorphisms of Chicken Antiviral Mx1 and TVB Genes in Indigenous and Giriraja Chicken

<div>Background: Knowledge about the morphological characteristics of garlic genotypes is most important for selection of the appropriate varieties for appropriate place and achievement of high yields. Besides, characterization is an important aspect for documentation of the performance of the studied cultivars, which subsequently helps for introduction, selection and improvement in existing varieties of garlic. 
Methods: The experimental material was comprised of 16 genotypes of garlic viz., Phule Baswant, Phule Nilima, Kalwan Local, DN-49-395, DN-49-364, Marwar Local, G-284, G-222, G-444, G-41, G-119, G-215, G-752, G-546, Satara Local and Dahiwadi Local. The collected genotypes of garlic was dibbled on flat beds of 1.5 mx1.0 m dimensions at a spacing of 15x10 cm in randomized block design with three replications and a total plot size of 72.00 m2. The soil selected for present investigation was of medium texture and rich in organic matter. FYM was applied @ 25 t/ha at the time of land preparation and recommended dose of fertilizers i.e. 100:50:50 kg N:P2O5:K2O/ha was applied. The observations on growth parameters at harvest, yield attributes, incidence of pests and diseases, physiological loss in weight (%) and decay percentage at the end of 90 days of storage at ambient temperature were recorded.&nbsp; 
Result: The data revealed that, the genotypes viz., Phule Nilima, Phule Baswant and G-41 had recorded the better performance with respect to growth and yield attributes with minimum disease and pest incidence and least physiological loss in weight and decay at the end of 90 days of storage at ambient temperature.&nbsp;</div>

Nucleotide sequence analysis of Mx1 gene in Japanese quail

Genetic Polymorphisms of Chicken Antiviral Mx1 and TVB Genes in Indigenous and Giriraja Chicken

​Performance of Garlic Genotypes under Sub montane Zone of Maharashtra

Performance of Garlic Genotypes under Sub montane Zone of Maharashtra