<p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread endocrine disorder characterized by high level of androgen, unsuccessful ovulation, development of several cysts within the ovaries and related metabolic problems. The relevance of existing animal models in real-life contexts remains limited in the view of detailed studies. This review critically evaluates available PCOS constructs as they reproduce some of the attributes such as hyperandrogenism or insulin resistance but are unable to provide a comprehensive representation of the diversity of the condition, such as lean and non-hyperandrogenic phenotypes. Moreover, many of the models do not take into account developmental stages, long-term outcomes or effects of neuroendocrine and immune mechanisms. The current technological achievements indicate the possible ways out of these limitations. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using prominent biological and medical search engines, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar which primarily focuses on studies, detailing animal models of PCOS. CRISPR gene editing technology, transplantation of gut microbiota, organ-on-chip technology and humanized xenograft models offer opportunities to develop systems that can be precisely applied to real-life situations. Integrative advanced model is essential in detecting biological influences, such as hormonal, metabolic, immunological, neuroendocrine and environmental factors, at various stages in life. Advanced models will further increase the understanding of the pathophysiology of PCOS and the evaluation of novel interventions, including insulin sensitizers, microbiota modulators, anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal therapies and anti-androgens. This review represents a systematic initiative to improve animal model techniques that can hasten translational research innovations and enhance mechanistic understanding and treatment of PCOS.<br />
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The Evolving Landscape of PCOS- Integrative Animal Models for a Complex Clinical Challenge: A Review