Background: Dystocia in dairy animals remains major concern causing huge economical losses of farmers. Over the past years, field veterinarian relieves dystocia via maneuvering, fetotomy, modified Schaffers and cesarean methods under local or regional anaesthesia which is always stressful and painful procedure leading to excessive tissue damage. Considering the involved stress and further conception during relieving dystocia under local or regional anaesthesia is always questionable. Hence, the present study was aimed to relieve dystocia in buffalo without stress by improving gentle handling of uterus during cesarean or obstetrical method under the anaesthetic combination of xylazine-ketamine-guaifenesin under field condition.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The present study was undertaken in twelve clinical cases of buffaloes with history of dystocia irrespective of age and breed and they were sedated with xylazine and subjected to obstetrical or cesarean procedure under ketamine and guaifenesin anaesthetic protocol. 
 
Result: Twelve buffaloes with average age between 3-8 years and body weight 389.66&plusmn;19.56 kg reported to hospital and amongst them eight were primiparous. Among maternal dystocia, uterine torsion was most common followed by incomplete cervical dilation whereas in foetal dystocia, malpositioned foetus and emphysematous foetus was reported. Tachycardia and hypothermia were consistent findings in all animals. The alkaline phosphatase, SGPT and SGOT has been increased significantly due to muscular damage. Mean duration of general anaesthesia required for obstetrical and cesarean procedure was 35.00&plusmn;0.25 min and 132.00&plusmn;0.18 min, respectively. The present study was concluded that, use of ketamine-Guaifenesin combination premedicated with xylazine hydrochloride produced excellent muscle relaxation during obstetrical and cesarean procedure in buffaloes characterized by loss of abdominal muscle tone, stable respiration and minimal cardiopulmonary changes.

Evaluation of Anaesthetic Efficacy of Xylazine-Ketamine-Guaifenesin Combination for Relieving Dystocia in Buffaloes

<div>Background: Large ruminants are considered as high risk anaesthesia patient for abdominal surgery because of their heavy weight, the late-term gravidity and the expected long duration of anaesthesia. In order to augment cardiopulmonary function, we aimed at decreasing the requirement of inhalant agents for surgery. Several studies have revealed that lignocaine infusion significantly reduces the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of inhalation agents in a variety of species. Thus the present study is focused on assessing the adjunct property of intravenous lignocaine CRI in multimodal general anaesthetic protocol employed for intestinal surgery in cattle. 
 
Methods: The study was carried out in 12 clinical cases of cattle which were randomly categorized into two equally groups. All the animals were premedicated with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol tartrate at the dose rate of 0.5 &micro;g per kg and 0.02 mg per kg body weight i.v. respectively. After five minutes of premedication, induction of anaesthesia was achieved with double drip solution containing ketamine hydrochloride 2 mg and guaifenesin 50 mg per mL respectively, administered i.v. &ldquo;to effect&rdquo;. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in all the animals. In group II animals ten minutes prior to skin incision, slow intravenous lignocaine bolus at the dose rate of 2 mg per kg and continuous rate infusion at the dose rate of 50 &micro;g per kg per min was delivered through volumetric infusion pump. 
 
Result: The Isoflurane liquid utilised for maintenance decreased significantly in group II than group I, which signifies that the inclusion of lignocaine in the anaesthetic protocol has 14.95 per cent isoflurane sparing effect.</div>

​Isoflurane Sparing Effect of Continuous Rate Infusion of Lignocaine as An Adjunct to General Anaesthesia during Right Flank Laparotomy in Cattle

Evaluation of Anaesthetic Efficacy of Xylazine-Ketamine-Guaifenesin Combination for Relieving Dystocia in Buffaloes

​Isoflurane Sparing Effect of Continuous Rate Infusion of Lignocaine as An Adjunct to General Anaesthesia during Right Flank Laparotomy in Cattle

Isoflurane Sparing Effect of Continuous Rate Infusion of Lignocaine as An Adjunct to General Anaesthesia during Right Flank Laparotomy in Cattle