<div>Background: In order to reveal the pollination biological characteristics of Lespedeza davurica, wild L.davurica from eight regions of Shanxi Province was used as test materials to study their floral dynamic, pollen storage and other aspects. 
 
Methods: During 2019, the flowering dynamics of wild L. davurica collected from eight regions of Shanxi Province were observed by selecting the better-grown L.davurica. Freshly bloomed flowers were picked, and their pollen was set up for two treatments, dry and undried, for pollen storage experiments. Pollen viability was determined by the TTC (expand for first instance) and MTT (expand for first instance) methods and stigma receptivity was determined by the hydrogen peroxide-benzidine method. 
 
Result: The results showed us the following points: the flowers of L. davurica were pale yellow, large and fragrant; it usually opens from the base to the top with distinctly asymmetrical petals; it opens during the day and closes at night; the number of flowers reached its peak between 12:00 and 14:00. After measuring the pollen viability of L. davurica, we found that dry storage at -20&deg;C was the most effective treatment. And with the increase of temperature and decrease of humidity, the pollen viability and stigma receptivity of L. davurica increased continuously and the highest viability value occurs between 12:00 and14:00.</div>

<div>Pollination Biology of Lespedeza davurica</div>

Background: Basil (Ocimum basilicum L) is a fragrant medicinal herb belonged to the Lamiaceae family, cultivated as a important economic and ornamental plant. Its leaves are used as a spice in cooking as well as for food preservation. The plant has considerable nutritional and medicinal values. This study was carried out in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Province, Iraq, to explore how to improve the chemical and bioactive components of basil. The research aimed to evaluate the influence of soil inoculation with&nbsp;Pseudomonas&nbsp;bacteria and foliar application of nano-boron as a sustainable agricultural practice to improve the plant quality and its secondary metabolites. 
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Methods: The experiment with three replications, was designed as a factorial trial within a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Two main factors were studied. The first factor was the soil inoculation with the&nbsp;Pseudomonas&nbsp;bacteria at four different concentrations of control, 25, 125 and 200 mg/mL. The second factor involved the foliar application of nano-boron, also at four concentrations of control, 80, 150 and 250 mg/L. The study assessed the effects of these treatments on some chemical parameters, comprising nitrogen and carbohydrates and on important bioactive compounds in basil, such as linalool, camphor and pinene. 
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Result: The application of nano-boron and Pseudomonas, both separately as well as in combination, showed high improvements in all measured parameters. The most favorable results were found with the highest concentration levels of both treatments. Specifically, the combined application of 200 mg/mL of&nbsp;Pseudomonas&nbsp;and 250 mg/L of nano-boron produced the highest average values. This interaction led to camphor levels of 7.83 mg/g, pinene at 0.83 mg/g, linalool at 27.84 mg/g, carbohydrates at 21.74 mg/g and nitrogen content at 1.75 mg/g. These findings highlight a robust synergistic effect between the nano-fertilizer (nano-boron) and the biofertilizer (Pseudomonas), representing their potential to improve the productivity and phytochemical content of basil.

Study the Effect of the Boron Nano and Pseudomonas on Chemical Parameters and the Active Compounds of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

<div>Background:&nbsp;The difference in degradation time on the formation of carotene&rsquo;s derivative aromatic compounds [&beta;-ionone and dihydroactinidiolide (dhA)] due to thermal degradation process of carotenes in crude carotenoid extract of carrot was studied.&nbsp; 
 
Methods:&nbsp;&beta;-ionone and dhA formation and that of carotenes degradation during thermal degradation (T=140&deg;C) was observed periodically for 4 h. The constant oxygen supply during degradation was maintained at approx. 7 L/h.&nbsp;&nbsp; 
 
Result:&nbsp;The formation of &beta;-ionone and dhA accumulated significantly with increasing duration of the degradation process. The maximum formation of &beta;-ionone and dhA could be estimated with the pattern of carotenes degradation. After 4 h of degradation, more than 80% carotene has degraded. It can be concluded that the degradation process of crude carotene extract from carrots at temperature of 140&deg;C will result in a maximum carotene degradation process when the degradation process is carried out for 5 h.</div>

Pollination Biology of Lespedeza davurica

Study the Effect of the Boron Nano and Pseudomonas on Chemical Parameters and the Active Compounds of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Effect of Degradation Time on Carotene Content in Crude Carotene Extract of Carrot for the Formation of its Derivative Aromatic Compounds