<div>Background: FAffaMAlanCHArt (FAMACHA) is a technique for treating the animals infested with gastrointestinal parasites by using clinical anaemia as the determinant. The test is based on the assessment of colour variation of the conjunctival mucous membrane.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: In the present study FAMACHA has been standardized and used to correlate the anaemic status of goats with faecal egg count (gastro intestinal parasites) and blood profile. On the basis of FAMACHA score and faecal egg count, the goats were treated with benzimidazole compound and macrocyclic lactone.&nbsp;&nbsp; 
 
Result: The result indicated significant (P&lt;0.05) reduction in the faecal egg count of Haemonchus spp from 1200&plusmn;155.76 to 525&plusmn;75, Strongyloides spp from 469.57&plusmn;77.37 to 78.26&plusmn;33.83 and Eimeria spp from 900&plusmn;240.05 to 195.65&plusmn;55.34 respectively. FAMACHA score of anaemic goats improved from 4.08&plusmn;0.11 to 3.2&plusmn;0.13. Mean haemoglobin (g/dl), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) improved from 8.33 to 8.99, 22.66 to 24.86, 13.73 to 14.76 and 18029 to 19894, respectively which indicated clinical improvement. Highly significant (P&lt;0.01) correlation was observed between the FAMACHA score and the haemoglobin level. It could be concluded that FAMACHA is a very handy tool to detect anaemic status of the animals and correlate with gastrointestinal parasitic load.</div>

Use of FAMACHA to Detect Anaemia and Control of Gastrointestinal Parasite in Goats of A and N Islands, India

Background: Sheep resistant to gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is preliminary selected based on faecal egg count (FEC) and in the present study some important phenotypic markers including FEC were evaluated in Garole sheep. 
 
Methods: FEC, FAMACHA score and body condition score (BCS) of sixty Garole sheep of Sundarban delta were evaluated at monthly interval for one year. Some haemato-biochemical parameters (Hb, PCV, eosinophil count, total protein) were also measured and compared between the preliminary resistant and susceptible sheep. 
 
Result: Twenty Garole sheep showing persistently low FEC were considered as preliminary resistant sheep and forty sheep showing variable EPG were considered as preliminary susceptible sheep. FAMACHA score and BCS were (P&lt;0.05) higher in resistant sheep. All the haemato-biochemical parameters were also (P&lt;0.05) higher in resistant sheep. One resistant Garole sheep did not have higher value of other phenotypic markers except low FEC. Whereas, three susceptible sheep showed higher values of other phenotypic markers instead of high EPG. Hence other phenotypic indicators should also be considered along with FEC while selecting GIN resistant and susceptible sheep.

Evaluation of Some Phenotypic Indicators of Gastrointestinal Nematode Resistance in Garole Sheep

<div>Background: Haemonchosis is one of the major parasitic infestations in small ruminants. Haemonchus contortus is a highly pathogenic parasite that localises in the abomasum of affected animals and exerts its pathogenicity by blood-sucking activity, adversely affecting the health and productivity of animals.&nbsp; In recent years, there is widespread development of anthelmintic resistance against Haemonchus spp. Therefore, a sustainable strategy needs to be implemented to effectively control haemonchosis in goats. The aim of the present study was to find out the efficacy of herbal anthelmintic drug (Carica papaya aqueous seed extract) and haemato-biochemical alterations in Haemonchus infection. 
 
Methods: In this study, goats were screened for Haemonchus spp. by the FAMACHA technique. Hemato-biochemical examination was done before and after the therapeutic trial. Herbal anthelmintic drug was prepared from Papaya seed. In-vitro and in-vivo trial were carried out to test the efficacy of prepared herbal anthelmintic drug.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The present study showed that FAMACHA can be used for the early screening of Haemonchus spp. in a herd. Significant improvement in haemato-biochemical examination was found in the group treated with the prepared herbal anthelmintic drug. Thus, the herbal anthelmintic (Carica papaya seed extract) can be a good alternative for controlling Haemonchosis in goats.&nbsp;</div>

Use of FAMACHA to Detect Anaemia and Control of Gastrointestinal Parasite in Goats of A and N Islands, India

Evaluation of Some Phenotypic Indicators of Gastrointestinal Nematode Resistance in Garole Sheep

Clinico-therapeutic Studies on Haemonchosis in Goats