Background: Islet transplantation is a potential treatment option for selected patients with type 1 diabetes. The limited supply of human islet from cadavers and poor islet yield remains a significant barrier to progress in the field. So, the use of porcine islets holds great promise for large scale application for the transplantation of the islet. The primary aim of this study was to describe the gross and morphological studies of the porcine pancreas to rule out its similarity to human pancreas. 
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Methods: Pancreas was collected from eight apparently healthy Large White Yorkshire pig (6-7 months of age). The gross and morphological studies were analyzed by using different staining techniques. 
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Result: The pancreas appeared as pale pink triangular lobulated gland located along the dorsal aspect of the abdominal cavity behind the stomach having exocrine and endocrine part. Histologically, two types of acinar cell were identified i.e. active and resting acinar cells. The islets were richly vascularized and were separated from the exocrine acini by a thin layer of collagen, elastic and reticular fibers which were seen extending into the interior of the islets. Mainly three types of cells were observed in islets i.e. alpha (A), beta (B) and delta (D) cells. Epithelial duct and secretory cells showed strong positive reaction for both Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Alcian Blue (pH-2.5) whereas islets of Langerhans showed moderate activity for both.

Observation on the Gross and Histology of the Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas in Large White Yorkshire Pig

Background: The pancreas is an accessory organ of the digestive system and also an important endocrine organ of vertebrates that produce and release substances in the body. The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine function. Its endocrine function is to regulate blood sugar levels by secretion of hormones like insulin, glucagon, stomatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide and an exocrine function that helps in digestion. The study was performed to document the ultrastructural details of pancreas of guinea pigs by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.&nbsp;&nbsp; 
 
Methods: Six adult healthy guinea pigs of 16-32 weeks of age (Irrespective of sex) were procured from the Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, TANUVAS as per ethical committee approval. Animals were dissected according to standard operating procedure by using the Carbon dioxide asphyxiations as per CPCSEA norms and pancreatic pieces were utilised for SEM and TEM study.&nbsp; 
 
Result: Pancreas was irregular in shaped and showed splenic, ventricular and intestinal lobes. In SEM, the parenchyma was covered by the dense irregular capsule. Each lobule contained many acini which were connected by a thin, long duct with branched pattern arrangement with increasing wall thickness and diameter. In TEM, the pancreatic tissue consisted of glandular lobules comprised of acini, islets of Langerhans and connective tissue between the lobules. Numerous mitochondria and golgi complexes were also present in the acinar cell cytoplasm along with zymogen granules and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The centroacinar cells were also found. A special type of interstitial cell named telocytes and each was found with many telopodes in the exocrine part of pancreatic parenchyma. Among the four islet cell types, alpha and beta cells could be identified.&nbsp;

Ultrastructural Architecture Studies of Pancreas in Guinea pig

Background: The liver, the main organ in the continuity of energy supply, is the largest gland in the body. The liver, which has functions such as cleansing the body from toxins, synthesizing bile, secreting the synthesized bile and regulating metabolism, acts as an endocrine and exocrine gland. The liver is a complex organ that processes the digested and absorbed substances, stores them for the benefit of other organs or transfers them to the circulatory system, thus creating a transition zone between the digestive system and the circulatory system. The aim of this study is to examine the Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) liver Anatomically, Histologically and by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). 
 
Methods: In this study Chinese geese (Anser cygnoides) were procured from a private farm in Aksaray, 6 females and 6 males, were utilized.&nbsp; 
 
Result: Tissue samples were examined under a light microscope with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining method. Histologically, it was observed that the liver in Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) did not have the typical lobule structure, consisted of many lobules and the interlobular septum was thin. Hepatocytes were oval and centrally located and merged to form remark cords and these remark cords were separated by sinusoids. Kupffer cells were present. Lymph nodules were intensely observed in the examined tissues. Bile duct, arteria hepatica and vena porta forming the Kiernan&rsquo;s space were found. It was determined that each unit with the vena centralis was similar to the lobule structure. Healthy mitochondrial structures and heterochromatic-appearing hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were observed electron microscopically. The nucleus of the hepatocyte was round and euchromatic, the nuclear membrane was healthy and intact and the nucleolus was centrally located. The cytoplasm contained a very small number of small vacuoles. It was observed that the cytoplasm was homogeneously distributed. Mitochondria were normal in appearance, with regular double membranes and healthy cristae. A very prominent bile duct and a healthy endoplasmic reticulum structure were observed.

Observation on the Gross and Histology of the Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas in Large White Yorkshire Pig

Ultrastructural Architecture Studies of Pancreas in Guinea pig

Anatomical, Histological and Transmission Electron Microscopic Examination of Liver in Chinese Goose (Anser cygnoides)