<div>Background: Euphorbia pulcherrima is highly ornamental value of poinsettia flower, which posses colorful bracts and low temperature resistant leave. Its embryos or adventitious buds were cultivated mainly from stems, petioles and tender buds. The cultivation of seedlings is studied firstly for improving the quality of Poinsettia. 
 
Methods: A rapid and reproducible regeneration system of leaves and stems with buds has been established. There is a comparative analysis of the results of tissue culture of different varieties of Poinsettia. 
 
Result: The best medium component of hormones about leaf callus of poinsettia inducing cluster buds formation comprise 6-BA 1.0 mg/L, KT 0.4 mg/L, NAA 0.1 mg/L and 2,4-D 0.05 mg/L. Its medium component inducing cluster buds proliferation include 6-BA 1.2 mg/L and NAA 0.05 mg/L. The medium component about stem with bud inducing cluster buds to germinate comprise 6-BA 1.5 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L. Its medium component inducing cluster buds proliferation include 6-BA 1.0 mg/L and NAA 0.05 mg/L. The different hormones and different addition level of Ac have effect on the length of the root and quantity of the first level root and the second level root.</div>

A Rapid and Efficient Plant Regeneration Protocol using Leaves and Stems with Buds of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch (Euphorbiaceae)

<div>Background: Understanding the sociological structure of weeds in crop fields is a pre-requisite for effective management. Identification and quantification of weed species found in different crops are possible to provide strategies for weed control. The exploration studies of weeds in agro-ecosystems are meager in Telangana, so that the present study has initiated to explore the weeds and educate the local farmers about the impact of agrestals and it will be of immense helpful to control the loss of crop productivity first of its kind in the region. 
 
Methods: The inventory of agrestals was carried out in 33 districts of Telangana State during 2016-2020 in two growing seasons (kharif, rabi) and it is an overview in agro-ecosystems.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The study focuses on the documentation of weed taxa in agricultural fields and recorded ca. 249 plant taxa pertaining to 150 genera and 47 families. Cyperaceae is the predominant family with 38 plant species followed by Poaceae (33 spp.), Asteraceae (20 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (17 spp.), Amaranthaceae (16 spp.). Echinochloa crus-galli is the dominant taxon in paddy crop with its mimic, where Cyperus rotundus is a serious competitor in many cultivated crops. The present study is very climacteric for farmers, agronomists and plant breeders for cognizance, to know the intensity of weeds impact and management skills.</div>

Inventory of Agrestals in Telangana, India: Their Impact and Management

<div>Background: Amla (Phyllanthus emblica), popularly known as the Indian gooseberry, belongs to Euphorbiaceae family is known for its cool, refreshing, pleasant taste and utilised for various products and beverages. During processing, massive amounts of amla pomace that is an abundant source of polyphenols, ascorbic acid, dietary fibre and tannins is discarded as waste. 
 
Methods: The research was undertaken to standardize the process of dehydration and nutritional evaluation of amla pomace. The physico-functional properties, sensory evaluation, particle size distribution and its effect on hydration properties, microbial load was carried out from initial to 45 days of storage at both ambient and refrigerated temperature conditions for amla pomace powder. 
 
Results: The physico-functional properties indicated pH 3.44, colour L* 86.47, a* -0.74 and b* 11.13, particle density 1.23 g/cm3, water holding capacity 12.30 g/g, water binding capacity 12.37 g/g and swelling capacity 13 mL/g. The nutrient composition was found to have good amount of total dietary fibre (41.7g) with abundant minerals like calcium (128mg), phosphorus (116mg) and magnesium (48mg) along with low fat (0.18g), low carbohydrate (7g) and low calorific value (36 Kcal) per 100g. The phytonutrients, viz., ascorbic acid, tannins and polyphenols were 432, 524 and 677 mg per 100g, respectively. The Sensory scores of Amla pomace were good and the microbial counts were within the permissible limits during 45 days of storage period. Hence, amla pomace powder, a nutritious by-product can be utilized effectively as a functional ingredient in value added products.</div>

A Rapid and Efficient Plant Regeneration Protocol using Leaves and Stems with Buds of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch (Euphorbiaceae)

Inventory of Agrestals in Telangana, India: Their Impact and Management

Processing and Nutritional Evaluation of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) Pomace