The present study was emphasized to study cost and return of cultivation, the trend in area yield potential and resource use efficiency of hybrid maize of different categories of farm holdings in Sarguja district of Chhattisgarh. A sample of eighty farmers was surveyed (fourty five marginal, twenty five small and ten large) by three stage stratified random sampling method. The result indicated that cost of labour constituted largest component in total variable cost accounted about( 46.89%) followed by manure and fertilizer cost &nbsp;(37.00 %), followed by seed cost (11.60%). Of all the components of fixed cost, &nbsp;rental value of owned land and depreciation cost constituted maximum share about (81.90%) and (16.50%) respectively. The total cost increased with the increase in size of holdings. The total costs of production of maize per hectare was highest for large farmer of Rs. 32079.54/ha followed by small farmer of Rs. 28794.74/ha followed by small farmers of Rs. 27334/ha. There is excess use of labour by marginal farms. The excess labour may be diverted for cultivation of other crops. Large farmers &nbsp;received higher income due to optimal application of fertilizer. Improvement of farm level efficiency relies on technical knowledge of crop as well as income diversification, institutional capacity building that can enhance assets ownership, extension and credit facility.&nbsp;

Economics of hybrid maize cultivation in Sarguja district of Chhattisgarh 
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The present study is an attempt to assess the silkworm cocoon production and its profitability in five taluks of Kolar district of Karnataka through structured survey during 2012-13. The sample comprised of 120 families consisting of 440 members with an average of 4.40. The number of adult male and female members constituted 46.14 and 33.41 per cent respectively and the rest were children. The number of illiterates in the sample was to the tune of 33 per cent. Out of total acreage wetland constituted 27.36 per cent while garden land formed 14.53 per cent. The total cost incurred for rearing of 8,000 DFLs per year was worked out to be Rs. 7,30,224. Among the total cost, maximum cost was incurred towards the mulberry leaves Rs. 4,55,000 (62.30%). The minimum cost of expenditure was incurred towards transportation and marketing Rs 5000 (0.68 %) and other costs were to the tune of Rs. 500 (0.06%). The total net earnings from 10 batches per year was estimated to be Rs. 19, 04,000 per 8,000 DFLs per year with a benefit cost ratio of 1.59. The total investment on building and equipments for rearing of 8000 DFLs per year was worked out to be Rs. 46,874. Among the depreciation cost incurred towards the equipments for rearing of 800 DFLs, the highest was contributed by mountages Rs. 25,600 during the silkworm cocoon production activities.&nbsp;

Economics of hybrid maize cultivation in Sarguja district of Chhattisgarh

An economic analysis of silkworm cocoon production: A case study in Kolar district of Karnataka