Background: The rural environment of Karnataka has been significantly and far-reachingly impacted by KMF&rsquo;s successful dairy development. The most advantageous milk purchase price for farmers, effective and prompt input services delivered to farmers&rsquo; doorsteps, such as prompt veterinary health services to any remote village, high-quality artificial insemination for breed improvements, supply of balanced cattle feed at a lower price than the market price, etc., have encouraged farmers access their cooperative more and more frequently. In order to determine how DCS affects the way dairy milch animals in Zone-I and Zone-II of the Karnataka region utilize fodder, an attempt has been made in this article. 
 
Methods: For the study, the KBY Milk Producers Societies Union was chosen since it encompasses three districts in Karnataka&rsquo;s North Eastern region. The milk union was further split into two main areas, the North Eastern Dry Zone and the North Eastern Transitional Zone, which are referred to as Zone-I and Zone-II, respectively. Six dairy cooperative organisations were chosen from each Zone based on how much milk was purchased each day. From each Zone 120 sample was collected, further 10 members and 10 non-members were selected at random from each DCS village in each zone. Thus, 240 individuals represented the study&rsquo;s entire sample size.&nbsp; 
 
Result: At Zone-I: The average amount of feed and fodder used to be higher in the member (15.80 kg per day) than in the non-member (14.19 kg per day) for the buffalo, according to the perusal of the table. While 12.72 and 11.92 kgs per day of dry matter fed to cow by members and non-members, respectively. Non-member had given higher quantity of dry fodder (7.61 kg) than green fodder (5.06 kg), indicating member had fed higher feed and fodder to milch animals than non- members. This would possibly be due to the subsidies availed through DCS for feed and fodder purchase. Where in Zone-II: The quantity of dry matter given to buffalo was 13.90 and 11.43 kg by member and non-members, respectively. For cow 11.04 and 9.85 kg per day of dry matter was given by members and non- members, respectively. Even though the members fed relatively more quantity of feed and fodder than non-members, it was still less than the feed intake quantity recommended by National Research Council (NRC). Both members and non- members group fed less than recommended but the difference was found to be higher in non-member than members in both the cases of buffalo and cow. It was also interesting to note that buffalo feed intake was higher than cow.

Impact of Dairy Co-operative Society on Feeding Pattern of Milch Animal in Karnataka

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought an unprecedented threat to the dairy sector and it faced disruptions primarily due to the perishable nature of dairy products and the breakdown of the supply chain. In this study, an attempt was made to quantify the economic losses faced by the members and non-members of the Dairy cooperative societies (DCS).&nbsp; 
 
Methods: The study was conducted in Howrah, Nadia and N-24 Parganas districts of West Bengal, India. A multistage sampling scheme was employed to select dairy farmers from each district. A total of 90 DCS member and 90 non-member dairy farmers were studied. The data collected from the farmers covered the three periods of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic i.e. pre-lockdown (January 01 2020 to March 23 2020), lockdown (March 24 2020 to May 31 2020) and post-lockdown period (June 01 2020 to December 31 2020).&nbsp; 
 
Result: The total cost of milk production increased significantly by around 1 to 3% for DCS members and around 1 to 5% for non-members. The net returns from dairying were reduced significantly for both DCS members and non-members but it was more for non-members (lockdown: 80 to 90%, post-lockdown: 32 to 60%) than the DCS members (lockdown: 10 to 18%, post-lockdown: 7 to 15%).

Economic Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Member and Non-member Farmers of Dairy Cooperative Societies in West Bengal State, India

Background: Cowpea crop suffer from various stresses, both biological and environmental, that reduce their quality and yield, leading to significant economic losses. Stem and root rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a major root disease responsible for yield losses of 50-55 per cent. 
&nbsp; 
Methods: A study was conducted by the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Dharwad, Karnataka, India, during the rabi season of 2022-23 to assess the impact of Macrophomina phaseolina infection on cowpea yield in split plot design. Ten released cowpea genotypes (C 152, DC 15, DC 16, DCS 47-1, KBC 11, KBC 9, KM 5, PKB 6, PKB 4, IT 38956-1) were grown in plots that were both inoculated and uninoculated with M. phaseolina. 
&nbsp; 
Result: The disease caused an estimated grain yield loss of 19.64 - 43.74 per cent in all the genotypes. The moderately resistant genotype KBC 9 had the lowest grain yield loss (19.64%), while the farmer preferred genotype C 152 was susceptible to the root rot disease and had high yield loss of up to 43.74 per cent. among the genotypes, KBC 9 showed the highest reduction in stem and root rot incidence (78.22%), followed by IT 38956-1 (77.68%) while C 152 had the lowest root rot reduction (70.34%) when compared to pathogen inoculated plots. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of different yield parameters of cowpea genotypes shows that, first four components (PC-1 to PC-4) with Eigen values of 4.16, 1.47, 1.29 and 1.14, collectively explained 89.82 per cent of the total variance. PC-1 (46.32% variability) was primarily influenced by the number of pods per plant, root length, root nodules per plant and plant height. Seed yield was significantly (p&le;0.05) and strongly correlated to number of root nodules per plant (r=0.50) and root length (r=0.49).

Impact of Dairy Co-operative Society on Feeding Pattern of Milch Animal in Karnataka

Economic Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Member and Non-member Farmers of Dairy Cooperative Societies in West Bengal State, India

Yield Loss Assessment in Cowpea Genotypes due to Stem and Root Rot Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina