<div>Background: Fracture is one of the common problems encountered in dogs. Fracture healing most of the times results into complications like delayed union, mal-union and non-union. To deal with these complications bone grafting is an important technique lying with clinicians. 
 
Methods: The present study was conducted on 14 clinical cases of dogs with femur fracture. After preliminary examination the dogs were randomly divided into two groups. In group A (n=8) fractures were managed by intramedullary pinning and in group B (n=6), fractures were managed by IM pinning and demineralised bone matrix (DBM) xenograft implantation at the fracture site. The efficacy of the treatment was assessed on the basis of clinical, hemato-biochemical and radiographic observation on day 0 and on 7th, 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th post-operative days.&nbsp; 
 
Result: The pain, lameness and weight bearing scores on the affected limb showed non-significant (P&gt;0.05) variations between the two groups on different post-operative intervals. The hematological parameters also varied non-significantly (P&gt;0.05) between the two groups. A significant (P&lt;0.05) increase in the serum alkaline phosphatase values was observed upto 30th post-operative day in group B animals as compared to group A animals and thereafter it gradually decreases and return to normal level on 60th post-operative day in both the groups. Radiographic scores were better in group B dogs. Early radiographic signs of fracture healing were observed in group B dogs than group A dogs. No any graft related complications were observed during the study.</div>

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Clinical Evaluation Osteogenic Properties of Demineralised Bone Matrix (DBM) Xenograft in Femur Fracture in Dogs

Cabbage (Brassicae oleracea var. capitata Linn.) is one of the most important and extensively cultivated vegetable crop because of its nutritional and economical values for producers and consumer point of view, respectively. The crop is prone for infestation by a number of insect pests consisting sucking and defoliating insects starting from germination to harvesting stage of the crop. In India, the diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella Linneaus and cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae Linneaus are the major Lepidopterous pests of cabbage. Adjusting planting dates can sometimes help to avoid certain insect infestations and reduce the need for chemical control. Planting dates influence the crop performance due to changed biotic and abiotic factors. The time of planting of cabbage, which is a season bound crop, has profound effect on the incidence of diamond back moth and cabbage butterfly. Several insecticides have been recommended through ages to avert pest damage, but some broad-spectrum synthetic organic insecticides and biopesticides are effective for the control of these two Lepidopterous pests.&nbsp;

Clinical Evaluation Osteogenic Properties of Demineralised Bone Matrix (DBM) Xenograft in Femur Fracture in Dogs

Effect of planting dates and botanical insecticides against major Lepidopterous pests of cabbage: A review