Background: Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a major constraint to dairy productivity, affecting reproductive performance of the animal, particularly during the dry period when susceptibility to new intramammary infections is high. Combination of herbal products and antibiotic as a therapeutic approach along with analysis of the risk factors associated with SCM, can lessen antimicrobial resistance and help control SCM. The present study provides a methodical field valuation of antibiotic-herbal dry period approach and assesses how various risk factors affect its efficacy. 
 
Methods: Pregnant cows (n=500) from both organized and unorganized dairy farms were screened for SCM. Staphylococcus aureus being the most common pathogen involved in mastitis were isolated and confirmed through molecular detection of nuc gene. Later SCM positive animals were subjected to treatments at drying off period using Cefalonium alone and in combination with a topical poly-herbal formulation (turmeric, aloe vera, limestone) and oral lemon supplementation. 
 
Result: All treatment groups showed a significant reduction in SCC and normalization of milk pH compared to pre-treatment values (p&lt;0.05). The highest cure rate was observed in combination of Cefalonium and polyherbal formulation (93.33%), followed by Cefalonium alone (73.33%) on day 45 post-calving. The present investigation also revealed that high parities and poor udder hygiene acted as common risk factors for the condition of sub clinical mastitis. 
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Bovine Subclinical Mastitis: Risk Factors, Molecular Diagnosis and Therapeutic Evaluation of Cefalonium and Polyherbal Dry Cow Therapy