Background: The spleen can be affected by a variety of vascular problems. Affected tissue neovascularization in these conditions can be effectively analysed using imaging modalities such as Doppler and contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). 
 
Methods: Nine healthy dogs were included in this clinical study comprising two breeds of Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Beagles and one breed each of Crossbred, Pug, and Pitbulls. Pulsed-wave Doppler indices and contrast-enhanced perfusion parameters of the splenic vasculature were obtained by performing spectral Doppler sonography and CEUS using a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent (Sonovue). 
 
Result: The mean &plusmn; SE value of splenic vein&rsquo;s Doppler indices were 10.94&plusmn;2.04 cm/s (PSV), 6.92&plusmn;1.28 cm/s (EDV), 6.44&plusmn;1.57 cm/s (MV), 0.35&plusmn;0.05 (RI) and 0.75&plusmn;0.17 (PI), while the indices of splenic artery were 31.21&plusmn;3.12 cm/s (PSV), 8.95&plusmn;1.63 cm/s (EDV), 13.98&plusmn;1.95 cm/s (MV), 0.71&plusmn;0.04 (RI), 1.75&plusmn; 0.24 (PI). Arterial and venous phases were visible on a CEUS of the splenic parenchyma. The mean &plusmn; SE value of the contrast enhanced splenic perfusion parameters (measured in seconds) were as follows: arrival time = 7.00 &plusmn; 0.33; time to initial peak = 15.05 &plusmn; 0.46; time to final peak = 28.92&plusmn;1.06; decline time = 97.89&plusmn;2.82; washout time = 152.22&plusmn; 9.10.

Quantification of Doppler Indices, Contrast Ultrasound Enhancement Phases and Perfusion Parameters of Splenic Parenchyma in Healthy Dogs

Background: The Liver is a well vascularized organ. Any pathology can impede its blood flow and this makes liver the most suitable organ for studying the Doppler indices and contrast enhanced perfusion parameters.

Methods: This clinical study enrolled 9 healthy dogs including 2 breeds each of beagle, German shepherd, Labrador Retriever, and one breed each of Crossbred, Pug and Pit bull. Spectral Doppler sonography and contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of liver vasculature using a second generation contrast agent (Sonovue) was performed to standardize their normal pulsed-wave Doppler indices and contrast enhanced perfusion parameters.

Result: The mean &plusmn; SE values of Doppler indices of portal vein were PSV (27.68 &plusmn; 2.08 cm/s), EDV (15.32 &plusmn; 1.74 cm/s), MV (14.05 &plusmn; 1.94 cm/s), RI (0.44 &plusmn; 0.05) and PI (0.93 &plusmn; 0.11). Mean &plusmn; SE value of Doppler indices of hepatic artery were&nbsp; 53.78 &plusmn; 3.45 cm/s (PSV), 13.90 &plusmn; 1.82 cm/s (EDV), 21.63 &plusmn; 1.21 cm/s (MV), 0.73 &plusmn; 0.04 (RI), 1.93 &plusmn; 0.28 (PI) and for hepatic vein were 38.62 &plusmn; 4.62 cm/s (PSV), 11.92 &plusmn; 2.79 cm/s (EDV), 17.72 &plusmn; 2.95 cm/s (MV), 0.69 &plusmn; 0.06 (RI), 1.69 &plusmn; 0.23 (PI). CEUS of hepatic parenchyma showed three phases viz arterial, portal and late portal phase. Mean &plusmn; SE values of contrast enhanced hepatic perfusion parameters (in seconds) were 7.22 &plusmn;0.40 (Arrival time), 16.33 &plusmn;1.38 (Time to initial peak), 30.22 &plusmn;1.29 (Time to final peak), 54.55 &plusmn;2.93 (Decline time) and 160.78&plusmn;8.60 (Washout time).

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Quantification of Doppler Indices, Contrast Ultrasound Enhancement Phases and Perfusion Parameters of Splenic Parenchyma in Healthy Dogs

Quantification of Doppler Indices, Contrast Ultrasound Enhancement Phases and Perfusion Parameters of Hepatic Parenchyma in Healthy Dogs