The current study investigates contagious yawning (whereby one individual&rsquo;s yawn triggers another individual to yawn) in domestic cats, a non-social species and in domestic dogs, a social species. In several domesticated animals as well as in wild animals, these phenomena are known to occur.&nbsp; However, the reported cases are restricted to social species. In the current study, for the first time, the author tested whether contagious yawning occurred in response to their caregivers&rsquo; yawn in 40 cats (randomly divided into two groups) and 20 dogs. It was found that the cats did not yawn contagiously in response to human yawning, but this behaviour did occur in most of the dogs.&nbsp; Next, each of the two groups of the cats received the administration of cannabidiol (CBD), the primary non-addictive component of cannabis, at 4.0 mg/kg/day over a 2-week-period, or the administration of the same amount of sunflower oil as placebo (the CBD group and the Placebo group). &nbsp;When their responses to their caregivers&rsquo; yawning were tested again after the end of the administration, the number of yawning cats significantly increased in the CBD group, but not in the Placebo group. The results indicate that CBD could exert effects to elicit contagious yawning in domestic cats, non-social species. When CBD is administered, they become more susceptible to contagious yawning and consequently more likely to be triggered to yawn after viewing the yawn of their caregivers. 
&nbsp;

Cannabidiol (Cbd) Elicits Contagious Yawning in the Domestic Cat, a Non-Social Species Lacking Spontaneous Contagious Yawning

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Cannabidiol on myokine (Irisin), cerebral (BDNF) and cardiac (cTnI) responses in sepsis-induced rats by Cecal Ligation Perforation (CLP) method.&nbsp; 
 
Methods: In this study, 40 adult male Wistar albino rats, aged between 8-10 weeks, were used. 5 groups were created, with 8 rats in each group: Control (C), Sham (S), CLP, CLP+CBD 2.5 mg/kg, CLP+CBD 5 mg/kg group. Rats in groups C and Sham were sacrificed at the end of the 10th hour and intracardiac blood was taken immediately afterwards. In groups CLP, CLP+2.5 mg/kg, CLP+5 mg/kg, intra-abdominal sepsis was induced and at the end of the 10th hour after sepsis occurred with CLP application, rats were sacrificed and intracardiac blood was taken immediately afterwards. Irisin, BDNF and cTnI levels in the serum samples were measured by ELISA method. 
 
Result:&nbsp;In the present study, mean serum irisin, BDNF and levels were determined to be at the lowest level in the CLP group, while cTnI levels were at the highest level (p&lt;0.01). In CLP groups, serum irisin and BDNF levels increased due to CBD addition and the most significant decrease in cTnI levels occurred in 5 mg/kg CBD groups. As a result, it was concluded that CLP may be safe and beneficial when administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg in sepsis-induced rats.

The Effect of Cannabidiol on Myokine, Cerebral and Cardiac Response in Rats with Sepsis Induced by Cecal Ligation and Punture Method

India&rsquo;s rich biodiversity holds a great significance in country&rsquo;s agricultural, economical and social growth. However, biodiversity is severely threatened by various factors such as population growth, urbanization, deforestation and climate change. In India, the Biological Diversity Act of 2002 has been framed for addressing these threats through a structured framework for conservation and sustainable use of biological resources. The Act establishes a three-tier structure composed of the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) and Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs). The NBA and SBB oversee and regulate biodiversity management, while also empowering local BMCs to actively participate in bio-resources conservation efforts at the grass root level. It is crucial to sustain India&rsquo;s rich biodiversity for future generations through effective implementation of the Biological Diversity Act and related policies. Sustainable and equitable use of biological resources is the only way to protect the rights of indigenous communities and it requires a balance between the IPR and the CBD principles which is aptly attained through BD Act, 2002.

Cannabidiol (Cbd) Elicits Contagious Yawning in the Domestic Cat, a Non-Social Species Lacking Spontaneous Contagious Yawning

The Effect of Cannabidiol on Myokine, Cerebral and Cardiac Response in Rats with Sepsis Induced by Cecal Ligation and Punture Method

Protecting India’s Biodiversity: The Role of the Biological Diversity Act 2002: A Review