<div style="text-align:justify">The tissue-cultured seedlings of Betula alnoides were introduced to plant in Wanshiqing Area of Fujian Hua&rsquo;an Jinshan National Forest Farm and Beijing Area of Fujian Longhai Jiulongling National Forest Farm. B.alnoides was mixed with Castanopsis hystrix with 4 patterns in Wanshiqing Area, and mixed with Cunninghamia lanceolata with three patterns in Beijing Area. After one year the sample plots were set and each tree in the plots was investigated. The results showed the effects of the mix afforestation patterns to the growth of B. alnoides were significant difference in the early stage. The optimal pattern was the pure forest of B. alnoides with the best tree height and DBH. It was possible that the pure forest crowns closed after one year and created a small forest climate. The termites, crickets, Anoplophora chinensis and Batocera lineolata were found damaging to the B. alnoide in Wanshiqing Area, but not in Beijing Area.</div>

<div style="text-align:justify">Preliminary afforestation effect of the mixed forest Betula alnoides in southern Fujian China</div>

<div>Background: There was no literature showed superior provenance or clone of B. alnoides selected for the development of southern Fujian, as well as no suitable reforestation mixed pattern for B. alnoides developed for preventing the trunk pests effectively. It is significant to select an optimal reforestation pattern for B. alnoides to be expanded in southern Fujian. 
 
Methods: The tissue-cultured seedlings of Betula alnoides were introduced to south-east China for reforestation mixed pattern tests. B. alnoides was admixed with Castanopsis hystrix with five patterns at Wanshiqing Area and admixed with Cunninghamia lanceolata with four patterns at Beijing Area. A sample plot of 20 m &times; 30 m was set in each experimental treatment and each tree was investigated in the sample plot, including tree height (m), DBH (cm), pests and diseases and freeze injury. 
 
Result: The effects of the pure forest were better than that of the cluster mixed forest in tree height. The cluster mixed pattern was not beneficial to the tree height growth of B. alnoides and DBH growth of C. lanceolata in early stage. The average annual growth of B. alnoides in tree height, DBH and individual volume achieved 2.2-2.5 m, 2.8-3.0 cm and 0.0061-0.0074 m3, respectively.</div>

Betula alnoides Admixed with Castanopsis hystrix or Cunninghamia lanceolata from Two Reforestation Case Studies in Southeast China