<div style="text-align: justify;">Asthenozoospermia puzzled poultry industry and little known about its characteristics. To explore the histological etiology of asthenozoospermia, we measured the sperm quality index (SQI) and Piwil1 expression in the testes of three types of asthenozoospermia roosters: field, artificial and normal. The SQI of field and artificial roosters was inferior to normal roosters. Further, busulfan could reduce sperm quality. Histological examination showed that the spermatids and spermatocyte of the seminiferous tubule was stripped layer-by-layer in field and artificial roosters. The absolute expression of Piwi11 in the normal group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups, and decreased with time. Piwi11 transcript expression rapidly decreased after 7 days post-injection (dpi); the lowest level was 13 dpi and did not change thereafter. Overall, our results indicate that busulfan causes structural damage to the seminiferous tubules, which can lead to asthenozoospermia, and that Piwil1 gene is a marker gene of asthenozoospermia.</div>

Histological verification of seminiferous tubule structure injury a cause of asthenozoospermia in chicken

<p>Apoptosis is an integral part of sperm development, quality control and differentiation. Caspases are proteolytic enzymes that play a key role in apoptosis. The aim of this review article is to analyze the role of caspases 3, 8 and 9 in male infertility and sperm cryopreservation. The review also discusses the effect of cryopreservation on the activation of caspases in sperm, leading to apoptosis and decreased sperm quality. Finally, the article explores the use of caspase inhibitors as a strategy to improve sperm cryopreservation protocols and preserve sperm quality. Caspase 3 is the dominant effector caspase, while caspase 8 and 9 are involved in the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, respectively. Increased activity of these caspases has been associated with various sperm quality issues, such as teratozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia and reduced cryostability. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the role of caspases in sperm apoptosis and their potential as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for male infertility and sperm cryopreservation.</p>


Histological verification of seminiferous tubule structure injury a cause of asthenozoospermia in chicken

Role of Caspase 3, Caspase 8 and Caspase 9 in Male Infertility and Sperm Cryoinjury: A Review