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Research Article

volume 43 issue 4 (august 2020) : 546-551,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-509

Study the Effect of Mycorrizal Fungi¸Chitosan and Cycocel on Agronomic Characteristics of Rainfed Chickpea 

M
M.A. Rezaie
B
B. Pasari
K
Kh. Mohammadi
A
A. Rokhzadi
E
E. Karami
1Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Sanandaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.

  • Submitted18-06-2019|

  • Accepted26-09-2019|

  • First Online 11-01-2020|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-509

Cite article:- Rezaie M.A., Pasari B., Mohammadi Kh., Rokhzadi A., Karami E. (2019). Study the Effect of Mycorrizal Fungi¸Chitosan and Cycocel on Agronomic Characteristics of Rainfed Chickpea. Legume Research. 43(4): 546-551. doi: 10.18805/LR-509.

ABSTRACT

This experiment was conducted as split-split plot in a randomized complete block design in two consecutive years (2016-2017) in rainfed conditions of Iran. The main plot consisted of mycorrhiza inoculations (uninoculation: control and inoculation) by Glomus intraradices and sub plot involved chitosan application (0, 0.5 and 1gr/lit) and sub-subplots were foliar application of cycocel (0, 0.5 and 1 gr/lit). The results showed that the number of infertile pods was influenced by chitosan, cycocel, interactions of mycorrhiza × cycocel and chitosan × cycocel in the first year. Also in the first year, the number of fertilized pods and seed yield was also affected by the interaction of mycorrhiza × cycocel and increased by mycorrhiza × cyocel (1gr/l) compared to the control by 23.35 and 24.05%, respectively. The protein percentage in the second year was also significantly affected by the interaction of chitosan × cycocel. 

REFERENCES

  1. Abu-Muriefah, S.S. (2013). Effect of chitosan on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants grown under water stress conditions. International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science. 3(6): 192-199.
  2. Bhattarai, P. (2017). Effects of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of pre-basic seed potato production under glasshouse condition. SAARC Journal of Agriculture. 15(1): 149-160.
  3. Bitelli, M., Flury, M., Campbell, G.S., Nichols, E.J. (2001). Reduction of transpiration through foliar application of chitosan, Agricultural and Forest Meteorolog., 107: 167-175.
  4. Boonlertnirun, S., Suvannasara, R., Promsomboon, P., Boonlertnirun, K. (2012). Chitosan in combination with chemical fertilizer on agronomic traits and some physiological responses relating to yield potential of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Research Journal of Biological Sciences. 7(2): 64-68.
  5. Bora, R.K. and Sarma, C.M. (2006). Effects of gibberellic acid and cycocel on growth, yield and protein content of pea. Asian Journal of Plant Science. 5(2): 324-330. 
  6. Emami Bistgani, Z., Siadat, S.A., Bakhshandeh, A., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Hashemi, M. (2017). Interactive effects of drought stress and chitosan application on physiological characteristics and essential oil yield of Thymus daenensis Celak. Crop Journal. 5: 407-415.
  7. Erman, M., Demir, S., Ocak, E., Tüfenkçi, S., Oðuz, F., Akköprü, A. (2011). Effects of Rhizobium, arbuscular mycorrhiza and whey applications on some properties in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under irrigated and rainfed conditions 1-Yield, yield components, nodulation and AMF colonization. Field Crops Research. 122 (1): 14-24.
  8. Eulenstein, F., Tauschke, M., Behrendt, A., Monk, J., Schindler, U., Lana, M.A., Monk, Sh. (2017). The application of mycorrhizal fungi and organic fertilizers in horticultural potting soils to improve water use efficiency of crops. Horticulturae. 3 (8): 1-8.
  9. Farzaneh, M., Vierheilig, H., Lössl, A., Kaul, H.P. (2011). Arbuscular mycorrhiza enhances nutrient uptake in chickpea. Plant, Soil and Environment. 57(10): 465-470.
  10. Hazzoumi, Z., Moustakime, Y., Amrani Joutei, K.H. (2017). Effect of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and water stress on ultrastructural change of glandular hairs and essential oil compositions in Ocimum gratissimum. Chemical and Biological. Technologies in Agriculture. 4(20): 1-13.
  11. Janmohammadi, M., Mostafavi, H., Kazemi, H., Mahdavinia, G.H.R., Sabaghnia, N. (2014). Effect of chitosan application on the performance of lentil genotypes under rainfed conditions. Acta Technologica Agriculturae. 4: 86-90.
  12. Karimi, S., Abbaspour, H., Sinaki, J.M., Makarian, H. (2012). Effects of water deficit and chitosan spraying on osmotic adjustment and soluble protein of cultivars castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Journal Stress Physiology & Biochemistry. 28: 160-169.
  13. Koutroubas, S.D., Vassiliou, G., Damalas, C.A. (2014). Sunflower morphology and yield as affected by foliar applications of plant growth regulators. International Journal of Plant Production. 8(2): 215-230.
  14. Kumari, S. (2017). Effect of Kinetin (6-FAP) and Cycocel (CCC) on growth, metabolism and cellular organelles in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) under water stress. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 6(8): 2711-    2719.
  15. Mahdavi, B., Sanavy, S.A.M.M., Aghaalikhani, M., Sharifi, M.Y., Dolatabadian, A. (2011). Chitosan improves osmotic potential tolerance in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seedlings. Journal of Crop Improvement. 25(6): 728-741.
  16. Mondal, M.M.A., Malek, M.A., Puteh, A.B., Ismail, M.R. (2013). Foliar application of chitosan on growth and yield attributes of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Bangladesh Journal of Botany. 42(1): 179-183.
  17. Njeru, E.M., Avio, L., Sbrana, C., Turrini, A., Bocci, G., Bàrberi, P., Giovannetti, M. (2014). First evidence for a major cover crop effect on Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and organic maize growth. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 34: 841-848.
  18. Özveren Yücel, D., Anlarsal, A.E, Celal Yücel, C. (2006). Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis of yield, and yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 30: 183-188.
  19. Pourmohammad, A., Shekari, F., Soltaniband, V. (2014). Cycocel priming and foliar application affect yield components of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Cercetãri Agronomice în Moldova. 157(1): 59-69. 
  20. Sarkar, S., Datta, J., Bandhu, S. (2006). Influence of growth regulators on performance of sesame under varying irrigation levels. Journal of Crop and Weed. 2(2): 1-4.
  21. Soltani, A., Hajjarpour, A., Vadez, V. (2016). Analysis of chickpea yield gap and water-limited potential yield in Iran. Field Crops Research. 185: 21-30.
  22. Temegne, N.C., Nkou Foh, T.D., Taffouo, V.D., Wakem, G.A. and Youmbi, E. (2018). Effect of mycorrhization and soluble phosphate on growth and phosphorus supply of Voandzou [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.]. Legume Research-An International Journal. 41: 879-884.
  23. Van, S.N., Minh, H.D., Anh, D.N. (2013). Study on chitosan nanoparticles on biophysical characteristics and growth of Robusta coffee in green house. Bioctalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2(4): 289-294.
  24. Zeng, D. and Luo, X. (2012). Physiological effects of chitosan coating on wheat growth and activities of protective enzyme with drought tolerance. Open Journal of Soil Science. 2: 282-288.
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    Research Article

    volume 43 issue 4 (august 2020) : 546-551,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-509

    Study the Effect of Mycorrizal Fungi¸Chitosan and Cycocel on Agronomic Characteristics of Rainfed Chickpea 

    M
    M.A. Rezaie
    B
    B. Pasari
    K
    Kh. Mohammadi
    A
    A. Rokhzadi
    E
    E. Karami
    1Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Sanandaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.

    • Submitted18-06-2019|

    • Accepted26-09-2019|

    • First Online 11-01-2020|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-509

    Cite article:- Rezaie M.A., Pasari B., Mohammadi Kh., Rokhzadi A., Karami E. (2019). Study the Effect of Mycorrizal Fungi¸Chitosan and Cycocel on Agronomic Characteristics of Rainfed Chickpea. Legume Research. 43(4): 546-551. doi: 10.18805/LR-509.

    ABSTRACT

    This experiment was conducted as split-split plot in a randomized complete block design in two consecutive years (2016-2017) in rainfed conditions of Iran. The main plot consisted of mycorrhiza inoculations (uninoculation: control and inoculation) by Glomus intraradices and sub plot involved chitosan application (0, 0.5 and 1gr/lit) and sub-subplots were foliar application of cycocel (0, 0.5 and 1 gr/lit). The results showed that the number of infertile pods was influenced by chitosan, cycocel, interactions of mycorrhiza × cycocel and chitosan × cycocel in the first year. Also in the first year, the number of fertilized pods and seed yield was also affected by the interaction of mycorrhiza × cycocel and increased by mycorrhiza × cyocel (1gr/l) compared to the control by 23.35 and 24.05%, respectively. The protein percentage in the second year was also significantly affected by the interaction of chitosan × cycocel. 

    REFERENCES

    1. Abu-Muriefah, S.S. (2013). Effect of chitosan on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants grown under water stress conditions. International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science. 3(6): 192-199.
    2. Bhattarai, P. (2017). Effects of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of pre-basic seed potato production under glasshouse condition. SAARC Journal of Agriculture. 15(1): 149-160.
    3. Bitelli, M., Flury, M., Campbell, G.S., Nichols, E.J. (2001). Reduction of transpiration through foliar application of chitosan, Agricultural and Forest Meteorolog., 107: 167-175.
    4. Boonlertnirun, S., Suvannasara, R., Promsomboon, P., Boonlertnirun, K. (2012). Chitosan in combination with chemical fertilizer on agronomic traits and some physiological responses relating to yield potential of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Research Journal of Biological Sciences. 7(2): 64-68.
    5. Bora, R.K. and Sarma, C.M. (2006). Effects of gibberellic acid and cycocel on growth, yield and protein content of pea. Asian Journal of Plant Science. 5(2): 324-330. 
    6. Emami Bistgani, Z., Siadat, S.A., Bakhshandeh, A., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Hashemi, M. (2017). Interactive effects of drought stress and chitosan application on physiological characteristics and essential oil yield of Thymus daenensis Celak. Crop Journal. 5: 407-415.
    7. Erman, M., Demir, S., Ocak, E., Tüfenkçi, S., Oðuz, F., Akköprü, A. (2011). Effects of Rhizobium, arbuscular mycorrhiza and whey applications on some properties in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under irrigated and rainfed conditions 1-Yield, yield components, nodulation and AMF colonization. Field Crops Research. 122 (1): 14-24.
    8. Eulenstein, F., Tauschke, M., Behrendt, A., Monk, J., Schindler, U., Lana, M.A., Monk, Sh. (2017). The application of mycorrhizal fungi and organic fertilizers in horticultural potting soils to improve water use efficiency of crops. Horticulturae. 3 (8): 1-8.
    9. Farzaneh, M., Vierheilig, H., Lössl, A., Kaul, H.P. (2011). Arbuscular mycorrhiza enhances nutrient uptake in chickpea. Plant, Soil and Environment. 57(10): 465-470.
    10. Hazzoumi, Z., Moustakime, Y., Amrani Joutei, K.H. (2017). Effect of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and water stress on ultrastructural change of glandular hairs and essential oil compositions in Ocimum gratissimum. Chemical and Biological. Technologies in Agriculture. 4(20): 1-13.
    11. Janmohammadi, M., Mostafavi, H., Kazemi, H., Mahdavinia, G.H.R., Sabaghnia, N. (2014). Effect of chitosan application on the performance of lentil genotypes under rainfed conditions. Acta Technologica Agriculturae. 4: 86-90.
    12. Karimi, S., Abbaspour, H., Sinaki, J.M., Makarian, H. (2012). Effects of water deficit and chitosan spraying on osmotic adjustment and soluble protein of cultivars castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Journal Stress Physiology & Biochemistry. 28: 160-169.
    13. Koutroubas, S.D., Vassiliou, G., Damalas, C.A. (2014). Sunflower morphology and yield as affected by foliar applications of plant growth regulators. International Journal of Plant Production. 8(2): 215-230.
    14. Kumari, S. (2017). Effect of Kinetin (6-FAP) and Cycocel (CCC) on growth, metabolism and cellular organelles in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) under water stress. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 6(8): 2711-    2719.
    15. Mahdavi, B., Sanavy, S.A.M.M., Aghaalikhani, M., Sharifi, M.Y., Dolatabadian, A. (2011). Chitosan improves osmotic potential tolerance in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seedlings. Journal of Crop Improvement. 25(6): 728-741.
    16. Mondal, M.M.A., Malek, M.A., Puteh, A.B., Ismail, M.R. (2013). Foliar application of chitosan on growth and yield attributes of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Bangladesh Journal of Botany. 42(1): 179-183.
    17. Njeru, E.M., Avio, L., Sbrana, C., Turrini, A., Bocci, G., Bàrberi, P., Giovannetti, M. (2014). First evidence for a major cover crop effect on Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and organic maize growth. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 34: 841-848.
    18. Özveren Yücel, D., Anlarsal, A.E, Celal Yücel, C. (2006). Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis of yield, and yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 30: 183-188.
    19. Pourmohammad, A., Shekari, F., Soltaniband, V. (2014). Cycocel priming and foliar application affect yield components of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Cercetãri Agronomice în Moldova. 157(1): 59-69. 
    20. Sarkar, S., Datta, J., Bandhu, S. (2006). Influence of growth regulators on performance of sesame under varying irrigation levels. Journal of Crop and Weed. 2(2): 1-4.
    21. Soltani, A., Hajjarpour, A., Vadez, V. (2016). Analysis of chickpea yield gap and water-limited potential yield in Iran. Field Crops Research. 185: 21-30.
    22. Temegne, N.C., Nkou Foh, T.D., Taffouo, V.D., Wakem, G.A. and Youmbi, E. (2018). Effect of mycorrhization and soluble phosphate on growth and phosphorus supply of Voandzou [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.]. Legume Research-An International Journal. 41: 879-884.
    23. Van, S.N., Minh, H.D., Anh, D.N. (2013). Study on chitosan nanoparticles on biophysical characteristics and growth of Robusta coffee in green house. Bioctalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2(4): 289-294.
    24. Zeng, D. and Luo, X. (2012). Physiological effects of chitosan coating on wheat growth and activities of protective enzyme with drought tolerance. Open Journal of Soil Science. 2: 282-288.
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