Effect on growth parameters
An assessment of data (Table 1) indicated that application of 75% N through FYM +
Rhizobium + PSB + KSM recorded significantly minimum days taken for highest earliness in germination (6.00 days), the number of root nodules (9.00), and plant height at 60 DAS (72.32 cm).It might be due to the synergistic effect of
Rhizobium, PSB, and KSB in enhancing the growth of plant. It might have increased nitrogenous activity and the available P status of the soil. It may be due to the biosynthesis of growth-promoting substances like vitamin-B12 and auxin. The increase in days taken to germination may be due to the supply of balanced nutrition from organic sources of nutrients for a prolonged time. These results are in line with the findings of
Ramana et al., (2011) in French bean and
Datt et al., (2003) in vegetable pea.
This may be because farm yard manure increases the adsorptive power of soil for cation and anion these adsorbed ions are released slowly for the entire crop growth period resulted in better nutrient availability at active crop growth. Therefore, number of root nodules is increased and were reflected on overall improvement in plant performance. Similar findings were reported by
Parmar et al., (1998). in pea with respect root nodules.
Plant height is a nutrient (major and minor) responsive trait. It might be due to the synergistic effect of organic manures and biofertilizers. It may fix atmospheric nitrogen, convert nutrient from insoluble to soluble form, scavenge phosphorus from soil, help in mineralization process and improve yield by 10-20%
(Roychowdhury et al., 2014). It may be due to the biosynthesis of growth-promoting substances like vitaminB12 andauxin
(Patel et al., 2018). These results are in close conformity with the findings of
Patel et al., (2010). and
Prajapati et al., (2017) in clusterbean;
Ramana et al., (2011). in french bean and
Meena et al., (2016) in green gram.
Effect on yield parameters
An assessment of data (Table 2 & Fig 1) indicated that application of 75% N through FYM +
Rhizobium + PSB + KSM(T
6) recorded significantly the highest number of pod per cluster (8.22), number of cluster per plant (14.93), green pod yield per plant (141.80 g), green pod yield per plot (3.16 kg) and green pod yield per hectare (10972.33 kg) which was at par with different treatments following the different yield parameters over the control (T
1). The application of soil + mine spoil + coir pith vermicompost (1:1:1) + RDF significantly enhanced plant height, number of leaves and yield per plant in onion (
Thanunathan et al., 1997).
Number of pod per cluster and number of cluster are directly proportional to the yield. More the number of pod and cluster, yield will be more, hence more return to the grower. Maximum number of pod per cluster was obtained when the application of T
6 (75% N through FYM +
Rhizobium + PSB + KSM) which might be due to the combined effect of biofertilizers (
Rhizobium, PSB and KSM) with organic manure increased the availability of nutrients to the plant from different organic sources. Biofertilizers may fix atmospheric nitrogen, convert nutrients from insoluble to soluble form, scavenge phosphorus from soil, help in mineralization process and improve yield by 10-20% (
Roychowdhury et al., 2014). It plays important role in increases the solubility of micro nutrients in the rhizosphere, essentially required for the formation and development of the pods. Thus, it increased the number of pods. It influenced the rate of photosynthesis, protein synthesis and more absorbance capacity of nutrients from root zone. It may be mentioned that no single source of nutrient supply by bio-fertilizer is in position to meet the increasing nutrient demand and yield
(Patel et al., 2018). Increased yield by the application of PSB could be due to the greater availability of nutrients in the soil and better nodulation under the influence of inoculation resulted better growth and development which might be attributed to better mobilization of phosphorus and increased allocation of photosynthates towards the economic parts and also hormonal balance on the plant system
(Ramana et al., 2011). These results are in close conformity with the finding of
Meena et al., (2016) in green gram. Similar results were also obtained by
Chaudhari (2018) and
Sammauria et al., (2009) in clusterbean;
Sharma et al., (2015) in garden pea;
Datt et al., (2003) in vegetable pea.
Kagne et al., (2008). observed that application of vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha along with seed treatment of Azospirillum and PSB enhanced the growth and quality of sorghum and produced highest seed yield (21.7 q/ha).
