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Research Article

volume 42 issue 3 (june 2019) : 379-384,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-430

Phenotypic characterization of indigenous rhizobia nodulating chickpea in Turkey reveals high diversity
 

M
M.A. Mahmoud
D
D. Mart
C
C. Can
1Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

  • Submitted16-05-2018|

  • Accepted21-08-2018|

  • First Online 15-11-2018|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-430

Cite article:- Mahmoud M.A., Mart D., Can C. (2018). Phenotypic characterization of indigenous rhizobia nodulating chickpea in Turkey reveals high diversity. Legume Research. 42(3): 379-384. doi: 10.18805/LR-430.

ABSTRACT

A total of 120 root-nodule bacteria from chickpea plants (Cicer arietinum L.) from six regions in Turkey were characterized using 71 phenotypes. Utilization of carbon and nitrogen sources, tolerance to salt stress, temperature and pH, resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals and ability to produce some enzymes, were assessed. 90% of the isolates produced mucously, circular, smooth-margined and watery to creamy colonies with 2–4 mm diameter after 1-3 days of growth. The isolates utilized different compounds as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, endured 2% salt, grew optimally at 25-35°C and pHs between 6-8, exhibited insensitivity to the heavy metals Zn, Hg, and Cu and the antibiotics kanamycin, streptomycin and tetracycline. Numerical analysis separated the isolates into three clusters at 25% similarity. Results revealed diversity among isolates and were consistent with previous findings on chickpea Mesorhizobia.      

REFERENCES

  1. Aybegun,T., Tolga, I.K. and Adem, E.A. (2014). Problems and Solutions of Pulses Production in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2: 175-180.
  2. Datta, A., Singh, R.K. and Tabassum, S. (2015). Isolation, characterization and growth of Rhizobium strains under optimum conditions for effective biofertilizer production. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 32: 199-208.
  3. De Oliveira, A.N., De Oliveira, L.A., Andrade, J.S. and Junior, A.F.C. (2007). Rhizobia amylase production using various starchy substances as carbon substrates. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 38: 208- 216.
  4. Deora, G.S. and Singhal, K. (2010). Isolation, biochemical characterization and preparation of biofertilizers using Rhizobium strains for commercial use. Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 3:132-136.
  5. El Sheikh, E.A.E. and Wood, M. (1989). Response of chickpea and soybean rhizobia to salt: osmotic and specific ion effects of salts. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 21: 889-895.
  6. Gauri, Singh, A.K. and Bamania, M. (2012). Characterization of Mesorhizobium sp. isolated from root nodules of Cicer arietinum. International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research, 2: 142-154.
  7. Holt, J.G., Krieg, N.R., Sneath, P. H. A., Staley, J. T. and Williams, S. T. (1994). In: Bergey’s manual of Determinative Bacteriology”. Williams and Wilkins Press, Baltimore, U.S.A.
  8. Hungria, M., Chueire, L.M.O, Coca, R.G. and Megias, M. (2001). Preliminary characterization of fast growing rhizobial strains isolated from soybean nodules in Brazil. Soil biology & biochemistry, 33: 1349-1361.
  9. Hunter, W.J., Kuykendall, L.D. and Manter, D.K. (2007). Rhizobium selenireducens sp. nov.: A Selenite-Reducing -Proteobacteria Isolated From a Bioreactor. Current Microbiology, 55: 455-460.
  10. Icgen, B., Ozcengiz, G., Alaeddinoglu, N.G. (2002). Evaluation of symbiotic effectiveness of various Rhizobium cicer strains. Research in Microbiology, 153: 369-372.
  11. Jarvis, B.D.W., Pankhurst, C. E. and Patel, J. J. (1982). Rhizobium loti, a new species of legume root nodule bacteria. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 32: 378–380.
  12. Jida, M. and Assefa, F. (2012). Phenotypic diversity and plant growth promoting characteristic of Mesorhizobium species isolated from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) growing areas Ethiopia. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11: 7483-7493.
  13. Jordan, D.C. (1984). Family III, Rhizobiaceae Conn 1938. In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology ed. Holt, J. G. Williams and Wilkins. Baltimore, pp. 234–256.
  14. Kucuk, C. and Kivanc, M. (2008). Preliminary characterization of Rhizobium strains isolated from chickpea nodules. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7: 772-775.
  15. Kucuk, C., Kývanc, M. and Kýnacý, E. (2006). Characterization of Rhizobium sp. isolated from bean. Turkish Journal of Biology, 30: 127-132.
  16. L’taief, B., Sifi, B., Gtari, M., Zaman-Allah, M. and Lachaal, M. (2007). Phenotypic and molecular characterization of chickpea rhizobia isolated from different areas of Tunisia. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 53: 427-434.
  17. Maatallah, J., Berraho, E.B., Munoz, S., Sanjuan, J. and Lluch, C. (2002). Phenotypic and molecular characterization of chickpea rhizobia isolated from different areas of Morocco. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 93: 531-540.
  18. Nour, S.M., Cleyet-Marel, J.C., Normand, P. and Fernandez, M.P. (1995). Genomic heterogeneity of strains nodulating chikpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and description of Rhizobium mediterraneum sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 45: 640-648.
  19. Nour, S.M., Fernandez, M.P., Normand, P. and Cleyet-Marel, J.C. (1994). Rhizobium ciceri sp. nov. consisting of strains that nodulate chickpea (Cicer arietinum L). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 44: 511-522.
  20. Ogola and John, B.O. (2015). Growth and yield response of chickpea to Rhizobium inoculation: productivity in relation to interception of radiation. Legume Research, 38: 837-843.
  21. Rabie, G.H. and Almadini, A.M. (2005). Role of bioinoculants in development of salt tolerance of Vicia faba plants under salinity stress. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4: 210-222.
  22. Rai, R., Dash, P.K., Gaikwad, K. and Jain, P.K. (2013). Phenotypic and molecular profiling of indigenous chickpea rhizobia in India. CIBTech Journal of Microbiology, 2: 33-38.
  23. Rai, R., Dash, P.K., Mohapatra, T. and Singh, A. (2012). Phenotypic and molecular characterization of indigenous rhizobia nodulating chickpea in India. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 50: 340-50.
  24. Singh, R.P., Manchanda, G., Singh R.N., Srivastava, A.K. and Dubey, R.C. (2015). Selection of alkalotolerant and symbiotically efficient chickpea nodulating rhizobia from North-West Indo Gangetic Plains. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 56: 14-25.
  25. Singh, Y., Ramteke, P.W. and Shukla P.K. (2013). Characterization of Rhizobium isolates of pigeon pea rhizosphere from Allahabad soils and their potential PGPR characteristics. International Journal of Research in Pure and Applied Microbiology, 3: 4-7.
  26. Singh, Z. and Singh, G. (2018). Role of Rhizobium in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Production- A review. Agricultural Reviews, 39: 31-39.
  27. Soussi, M., Khadri, M., Lluch, C. and Ocana, A. (2001). Carbon metabolism and bacteroid respiration in nodules of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants grown under saline conditions. Plant biosystems, 135:157-164.
  28. Stowers, M.D. (1985). Carbon metabolism in Rhizobium species. Annual Review of Microbiology, 39: 89-108.
  29. Suman and Yadav, A.S. (2015). Antagonistic effect of Mesorhizobium ciceri isolates on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. Legume Research, 38:115-120.
  30. Vincent, J.M. (1970). A Manual for the Practical Study of Root-nodule Bacteria, IBP Handbook 15. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
  31. Wani, P.A. and Khan, M.S. (2013). Isolation of multiple metal and antibiotic resistant Mesorhizobium sp. and their plant growth promoting activity. Research Journal of Microbiology, 8: 25-35. 
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    Research Article

    volume 42 issue 3 (june 2019) : 379-384,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-430

    Phenotypic characterization of indigenous rhizobia nodulating chickpea in Turkey reveals high diversity
     

    M
    M.A. Mahmoud
    D
    D. Mart
    C
    C. Can
    1Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

    • Submitted16-05-2018|

    • Accepted21-08-2018|

    • First Online 15-11-2018|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-430

    Cite article:- Mahmoud M.A., Mart D., Can C. (2018). Phenotypic characterization of indigenous rhizobia nodulating chickpea in Turkey reveals high diversity. Legume Research. 42(3): 379-384. doi: 10.18805/LR-430.

    ABSTRACT

    A total of 120 root-nodule bacteria from chickpea plants (Cicer arietinum L.) from six regions in Turkey were characterized using 71 phenotypes. Utilization of carbon and nitrogen sources, tolerance to salt stress, temperature and pH, resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals and ability to produce some enzymes, were assessed. 90% of the isolates produced mucously, circular, smooth-margined and watery to creamy colonies with 2–4 mm diameter after 1-3 days of growth. The isolates utilized different compounds as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, endured 2% salt, grew optimally at 25-35°C and pHs between 6-8, exhibited insensitivity to the heavy metals Zn, Hg, and Cu and the antibiotics kanamycin, streptomycin and tetracycline. Numerical analysis separated the isolates into three clusters at 25% similarity. Results revealed diversity among isolates and were consistent with previous findings on chickpea Mesorhizobia.      

    REFERENCES

    1. Aybegun,T., Tolga, I.K. and Adem, E.A. (2014). Problems and Solutions of Pulses Production in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2: 175-180.
    2. Datta, A., Singh, R.K. and Tabassum, S. (2015). Isolation, characterization and growth of Rhizobium strains under optimum conditions for effective biofertilizer production. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 32: 199-208.
    3. De Oliveira, A.N., De Oliveira, L.A., Andrade, J.S. and Junior, A.F.C. (2007). Rhizobia amylase production using various starchy substances as carbon substrates. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 38: 208- 216.
    4. Deora, G.S. and Singhal, K. (2010). Isolation, biochemical characterization and preparation of biofertilizers using Rhizobium strains for commercial use. Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 3:132-136.
    5. El Sheikh, E.A.E. and Wood, M. (1989). Response of chickpea and soybean rhizobia to salt: osmotic and specific ion effects of salts. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 21: 889-895.
    6. Gauri, Singh, A.K. and Bamania, M. (2012). Characterization of Mesorhizobium sp. isolated from root nodules of Cicer arietinum. International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research, 2: 142-154.
    7. Holt, J.G., Krieg, N.R., Sneath, P. H. A., Staley, J. T. and Williams, S. T. (1994). In: Bergey’s manual of Determinative Bacteriology”. Williams and Wilkins Press, Baltimore, U.S.A.
    8. Hungria, M., Chueire, L.M.O, Coca, R.G. and Megias, M. (2001). Preliminary characterization of fast growing rhizobial strains isolated from soybean nodules in Brazil. Soil biology & biochemistry, 33: 1349-1361.
    9. Hunter, W.J., Kuykendall, L.D. and Manter, D.K. (2007). Rhizobium selenireducens sp. nov.: A Selenite-Reducing -Proteobacteria Isolated From a Bioreactor. Current Microbiology, 55: 455-460.
    10. Icgen, B., Ozcengiz, G., Alaeddinoglu, N.G. (2002). Evaluation of symbiotic effectiveness of various Rhizobium cicer strains. Research in Microbiology, 153: 369-372.
    11. Jarvis, B.D.W., Pankhurst, C. E. and Patel, J. J. (1982). Rhizobium loti, a new species of legume root nodule bacteria. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 32: 378–380.
    12. Jida, M. and Assefa, F. (2012). Phenotypic diversity and plant growth promoting characteristic of Mesorhizobium species isolated from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) growing areas Ethiopia. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11: 7483-7493.
    13. Jordan, D.C. (1984). Family III, Rhizobiaceae Conn 1938. In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology ed. Holt, J. G. Williams and Wilkins. Baltimore, pp. 234–256.
    14. Kucuk, C. and Kivanc, M. (2008). Preliminary characterization of Rhizobium strains isolated from chickpea nodules. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7: 772-775.
    15. Kucuk, C., Kývanc, M. and Kýnacý, E. (2006). Characterization of Rhizobium sp. isolated from bean. Turkish Journal of Biology, 30: 127-132.
    16. L’taief, B., Sifi, B., Gtari, M., Zaman-Allah, M. and Lachaal, M. (2007). Phenotypic and molecular characterization of chickpea rhizobia isolated from different areas of Tunisia. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 53: 427-434.
    17. Maatallah, J., Berraho, E.B., Munoz, S., Sanjuan, J. and Lluch, C. (2002). Phenotypic and molecular characterization of chickpea rhizobia isolated from different areas of Morocco. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 93: 531-540.
    18. Nour, S.M., Cleyet-Marel, J.C., Normand, P. and Fernandez, M.P. (1995). Genomic heterogeneity of strains nodulating chikpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and description of Rhizobium mediterraneum sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 45: 640-648.
    19. Nour, S.M., Fernandez, M.P., Normand, P. and Cleyet-Marel, J.C. (1994). Rhizobium ciceri sp. nov. consisting of strains that nodulate chickpea (Cicer arietinum L). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 44: 511-522.
    20. Ogola and John, B.O. (2015). Growth and yield response of chickpea to Rhizobium inoculation: productivity in relation to interception of radiation. Legume Research, 38: 837-843.
    21. Rabie, G.H. and Almadini, A.M. (2005). Role of bioinoculants in development of salt tolerance of Vicia faba plants under salinity stress. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4: 210-222.
    22. Rai, R., Dash, P.K., Gaikwad, K. and Jain, P.K. (2013). Phenotypic and molecular profiling of indigenous chickpea rhizobia in India. CIBTech Journal of Microbiology, 2: 33-38.
    23. Rai, R., Dash, P.K., Mohapatra, T. and Singh, A. (2012). Phenotypic and molecular characterization of indigenous rhizobia nodulating chickpea in India. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 50: 340-50.
    24. Singh, R.P., Manchanda, G., Singh R.N., Srivastava, A.K. and Dubey, R.C. (2015). Selection of alkalotolerant and symbiotically efficient chickpea nodulating rhizobia from North-West Indo Gangetic Plains. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 56: 14-25.
    25. Singh, Y., Ramteke, P.W. and Shukla P.K. (2013). Characterization of Rhizobium isolates of pigeon pea rhizosphere from Allahabad soils and their potential PGPR characteristics. International Journal of Research in Pure and Applied Microbiology, 3: 4-7.
    26. Singh, Z. and Singh, G. (2018). Role of Rhizobium in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Production- A review. Agricultural Reviews, 39: 31-39.
    27. Soussi, M., Khadri, M., Lluch, C. and Ocana, A. (2001). Carbon metabolism and bacteroid respiration in nodules of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants grown under saline conditions. Plant biosystems, 135:157-164.
    28. Stowers, M.D. (1985). Carbon metabolism in Rhizobium species. Annual Review of Microbiology, 39: 89-108.
    29. Suman and Yadav, A.S. (2015). Antagonistic effect of Mesorhizobium ciceri isolates on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. Legume Research, 38:115-120.
    30. Vincent, J.M. (1970). A Manual for the Practical Study of Root-nodule Bacteria, IBP Handbook 15. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
    31. Wani, P.A. and Khan, M.S. (2013). Isolation of multiple metal and antibiotic resistant Mesorhizobium sp. and their plant growth promoting activity. Research Journal of Microbiology, 8: 25-35. 
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